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mn 553 Pharmacology final exam review with complete verified solutions.
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mn 553 Pharmacology final exam review with complete verified solutions.
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mn 553 Pharmacology finalexam review with complete
verified solutions
regulations - answer ∙all states have title protection for NPs
•the board of nursing regulates practice
-5 states have joint oversight with medical board
•scope of practice is determined by NP license
investigational new drug (IND) - answer •required before an
investigational drug or bio product can be administered to a human
•the IND app is a compilation of all known information about the
compound
•it also includes a description of the clinical research plan for the
product
•specific protocol for phase I study
phases of clinical study - answer •phase I clinical eval is the 1st
testing of a new compound in subjects for the purpose of
establishing the tolerance of healthy human subjects
•phase II clinical eval is controlled studies performed on pts having
the target disease or disorder to determine a compound's potential
usefulness and short term risks
•phase III trials are controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials of a
drug's safety and efficacy in hospital and outpt settings
•phase III trials verify that the acceptable risk/benefit ratio seen in
II persists under conditions of anticipated usage in groups of pts
large enough to identify statistically and clinically significant
responses
,clinical judgment in prescribing - answer •is there clear indication
for drug?
•what drugs are effective for the disease?
•what are the goals of therapy?
•monitoring to see if drug is meeting goals
•duplications in med pts is taking
•otc vs prescription
•cost
•sources of info
the process of prescribing - answer •identify the pts problem
•specify the therapeutic objective
•collab with the pt
•choose the treatment
•edu the pt
•mt for effectiveness
•individualize drug choice
special population: pregnancy - answer •avoid ACEI, consider BB
•bulk laxative
special population: nursing moms - answer avoid ACEI, consider BB
special population: pediatric - answer •best pharmaceuticals for
children act (BPCA)
•authorizes research to promote efficacy and safety
special population: older adults - answer •beers criteria
-looks at potential risk
, -does not look at effectiveness
pediatric distribution - answer •newborns and infants have higher
percentage of water
•BBB is incomplete and permeable in newborn
•infants younger than 6 mths of age have decreased plasma
proteins available for drug binding
•in infants dosing needs to be decreased if metabolized by kidneys
older adults - answer •take more meds than any other age group
•PD and PK are altered
•ADRs common
•risk increase with number of drugs used
•decreased protein impacts absorption
medication metabolisms - answer •some meds need a loading dose
first pass - answer occurs when metabolized by the liver
peak levels - answer important to have this to achieve desired effect
half-life - answer •ibuprofen ~2 hours
•SSRI~ 22 hours
antacids: clinical use and dosing - answer •GERD
-antacids are OTC and often used first before care
-may be given 30-60 min until symptoms subside
-maintenance after meals and bedtimes
-H2RAs receptor antagonists or PPIs are first line therapy
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