Chemistry - Structure and Properties Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
What were the two problems with Bohr's model of the atom? - answerIt could only explain
the line spectrum of hydrogen and not any other elements, and it wrongly suggested that the
electron is a particle whose exact positi...
Chemistry - Structure and Properties Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
What were the two problems with Bohr's model of the atom? - answer✔It could only explain
the line spectrum of hydrogen and not any other elements, and it wrongly suggested that the
electron is a particle whose exact position and velocity could be specified at any time.
How did Erwin Schrodinger contribute to the model of the atom? - answer✔In 1924, he
proposed a series of mathematical equations to calculate the probability of finding an electron in
a place at a certain time, and described the wave-like properties of the electron. He used these
equations and the concept of matter waves to develop the theory of wave mechanics.
Briefly describe wave mechanics - answer✔In wave mechanics, a mathematical function, called
a wave function or atomic orbital is associated with each possible state of the electron's motion.
Each atomic state (orbital) is described by four quantum numbers
What are the key changes in Schrodinger's model of the atom compared to Bohr's? -
answer✔Schrodinger stated hat electrons occupy specific energy levels/shells in an atom, and
that the number of electrons in each level is governed by the formula 2n^2. The atom is arranged
as layers within layers in terms of electron shells. The electrons behave in a wave-like manner
rather than as particles, and because of this property, they ore organizes in 3D orbitals rather than
2D orbits.
Define an orbital - answer✔An orbital defines a region of space where an electron is most
likely to be found 95% of the time. Orbitals are also known as electron clouds.
Compare orbits to orbitals - answer✔Orbits: 2D paths at a fixed distance from the nucleus. Can
be circular or elliptical in shape and have 2n^2 electrons per orbit.
Orbitals: 3D paths with variable distance from the nucleus. Have no fixed path and contains a
maximum of 2 electrons per orbital. Orbitals are also called sublevels or subshells and are further
classified based on shape.
What are the 4 types of orbitals studied in this course? - answer✔S-orbital, p-orbital, d-orbital
and f-orbital
Describe s-orbitals - answer✔S-orbitals are spherical in shape and only have one
type/orientation
Describe d-orbitals - answer✔D-orbitals are cloverleaf in shape and have five types/orientations
Describe f-orbitals - answer✔F-orbitals have multiple possible shapes and seven
types/orientations
What are the benefits of Schrodinger's model of the atom compared to Bohr's model? -
answer✔In Schrodinger's model of the atom, electrons are allowed to have specific energy
values within an atom, and this energy is dependent on the wave properties of the electrons and
the region around the atom where the electron is most likely to be found. This model of the atom
can also explain the line spectra of elements with more than one electron.
Describe Bohr's model of the atom - answer✔Bohr's model of the atom proposed that all
electrons were located in defined orbits around the nucleus that has fixed energy levels that are
based on the distance of electrons from the nucleus. In this model of the atom, it was believed
that electrons in a given quantum level had identical levels of energy.
What does n represent in regards to quantum level? - answer✔N represents that type of orbital,
with n=1 corresponding to an s-orbital, n=2 corresponding to a p orbital, etc
What is the formula for the maximum number of electrons in a quantum level? - answer✔2n^2
What is the formula for the number of orbitals in a quantum level? - answer✔n^2
What is the formula for the number of types of orbitals in a quantum level? - answer✔n
What are energy level diagrams? - answer✔Energy level diagrams are diagrams that show the
electrons and distribution of electrons in its orbital.
Draw/describe a sample energy level diagram - answer✔Half arrows pointing either up or down
(representative of electrons) are added to each space according to electron filling rules until the
appropriate number of electrons has been represented.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? - answer✔The Pauli Exclusion Principle (aka opposite
sex rule) states that in any orbital, no two electrons can have the same quantum numbers; one
electron must have "up spin" and one must have "down spin"
What is the Aufbau Principle? - answer✔The Aufbau Principle (aka lazy tenant rule) states that
when electrons are added to an atom, they always fill the lowest available energy level, with a
few key exceptions
What is Hund's rule? - answer✔Hund's Rule (aka empty bus seat rule) states that every orbital
in a sublevel must be occupied by a single electron before paring begins. Usually these unpaired
electrons are represented as having "up spin" in diagrams.
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