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Psych 460 Test Study Questions with Complete Solutions
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Psych 460 Test Study Questions with Complete Solutions
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Psych 460 Test Study Questions with CompleteSolutions
how do common fears different from phobias? - ✔✔-more intense and persistent fear
-greater desire to avoid the feared object or situation
-distress that interferes with functioning
-specific, social, agoraphobia
specific phobias - ✔✔-marked, peristent, and disproportionate fear of a particular object or
situation, usually lasting at least 6 months
-exposure to the object produces immediate fear
-avoidance of the feared situation
-significant distress or impairment
what causes specific phobias? - ✔✔Behavioral explanations :
-Classical conditioning
-Modeling
~Observation and imitation
-Operant conditioning
~Phobias are maintained through avoidance
~Phobias may develop into GAD
--Process of stimulus generalization: Responses to one stimulus are also elicited by similar
stimuli
how are specific phobias treated? - ✔✔Systematic desensitization:
-Technique developed by Joseph Wolpe
~Teach relaxation skills
,~Create fear hierarchy
~Pair relaxation with the feared objects or situations
--Since relaxation is incompatible with fear, the relaxation response is thought to substitute for
the fear response
-Several types:
~In vivo desensitization (live)
~Covert desensitization (imaginal)
-Other behavioral treatments:
~Flooding
--Forced non-gradual exposure
-Modeling
~Therapist confronts the feared object while the fearful person observes
agoraphobia - ✔✔-pronounced, disproportionate and repeated fear about being in at least 2
of the following situations:
~ public transportation, parking lots, bridges, other open spaces, shops, theaters, lines or
crowds, awat from home unaccompanied
-fear derives from a concern that it would be hard to escape or get help if panic,
embarrassment, or disabling symptoms were to occur
-avoidance of the situations
-symptoms continue for at least 6 months
-significant distress or impairment
causes and treatment for agoraphobia - ✔✔-causes similar to specific phobia
-often co-occurs with panic attacks
-treatments:
~exposure therapy
~support group
,~home based self help
social anxiety disorder - ✔✔-pronounced, disproportionate, and repeated anxiety about
social situations in which the individual could be exposed to possible scrutiny by others,
typically lasting 6 months or more
-fear of being negatively evaluated by or offensive to others
-exposure to social situation almost always produces anxiety
-avoidance of feared situations
-significant distress or impairment
what causes social anxiety disorder? - ✔✔-they hold unrealistically high social standards and
so believe that they must perform perfectly
-they view themselves as unattractive
-view selves as socially unskilled and inadequate
-believe they are always in danger of behaving incompetently
-believe they have no control over feelings of anxiety
treatments for social anxiety disorder - ✔✔-Overwhelming social fear
~Address fears behaviorally with exposure
-Lack of social skills
~Social skills and assertiveness trainings
panic disorder - ✔✔-unforseen panic attacks occur repeatedly
-one or more of the attacks preceds either of the following:
~at least a month of continual concern about having additional attacks
~at least a month of dysfunctional behavior changes associated with attacks
what biological factors contribute to panic disorder? - ✔✔-causes:
, ~Irregular activity of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
~Brain abnormalities (e.g., amygdala or within fear circuitry)
-Treatments
~Antidepressants
--norepinephrine receptors
panic disorder: the cognitive perspective and treatment - ✔✔-misinterpretations of bodily
events
-anxiety sensitivity
-coping and interpretation
~biological challenge
obsessive compulsive disorder - ✔✔-obsessions
~Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images
-Compulsions
~Repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts
-Diagnosis is called for when symptoms:
~Feel excessive or unreasonable
~Cause great distress
~Take up much time
~Interfere with daily functions
features of obsessions: take various forms - ✔✔-wishes
-impulses
-images
-ideas
-doubts
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