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Psych 460 exam Questions – with Complete Answers
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Psych 460 exam Questions – with Complete Answers
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Psych 460 exam Questions – with CompleteAnswers
Assertion = tendency to take action on behalf of the self through competitive or aggressive
behaviors
Affiliation = tendency to affirm connection through being supportive and empathetic -
✔✔Assertion vs Affiliation
Collaboration - ✔✔Assertion + Affiliation =_______
1. High assertion and low affiliation
2. High affiliation and high assertion
3. Low assertion and low affiliation
4. High affiliation and low assertion - ✔✔Assertion/Affiliation relationships:
1. Controlling
2. Collaborative
3. Withdrawal
4. Obliging
1. Distinguish between male and female voices
2. Distinguish between male and female faces - ✔✔Infants and gender categorization:
1. 6 months
2. 9-11 months
1. Gender identity
2. Gender stability
,3. Gender constancy - ✔✔Preschoolers learning gender:
1. 2.5 years
2. 3 years
3. 5-6 years
1. Less likely to view gender as stable for self and others
2. Cisgender siblings view gender in the same way - ✔✔Fast and Olsen (2018) results: trans
preschoolers (2)
1. Aggressive behavior
2. Toy and game preferences - ✔✔Gender differences in preschoolers: (2)
1. Channeling (shaping)
2. Differential treatment
3. Direct instruction
4. Modeling - ✔✔4 types of gender socialization:
Channeling (shaping) - ✔✔Parents create a gendered world for the child
Direct instruction - ✔✔Gender essentialist statements (Ex. "Boys don't cry")
Modeling - ✔✔Parents' gendered behavior (Ex. Division of household labor)
Gender-neutral school = open to unfamiliar other-gender people, less gender stereotyping
(boys can wear dresses)
Typical school = bias towards own gender, more gender stereotyping (only girls where dresses)
- ✔✔Shutts et al (2017) results: gender-neutral Swedish preschool vs typical schools
, Intersex conditions - ✔✔Person of one genetic sex develops the sexual structures associated
with the other genetic sex
Children had difficulty remembering that it was a scene of girls fighter rather than boys fighting;
gender schema theory - ✔✔When shown scenes of a girl baking cookies vs fighting, what did
the children falsely recall when asked to remember the scenes later on? What is this an
example of?
"I'm a girl....girls are bad at math.....I'm probably bad at math" - ✔✔Ex of social identity
theory: girls and math
Ingroup bias = thinking that people that are part of your group are better than you
Ingroup assimilation = the drive to be more similar to other people in your group -
✔✔Ingroup bias vs Ingroup assimilation ex
1. Psychological salience of gender
2. Categorizing people based on gender
3. Developing stereotypes/prejudice based on categorization - ✔✔How gender-based
prejudice develops according to the developmental intergroup theory: (3)
Children 5-7 were asked "who is really smart?" and researchers observed which toys children
preferred - ✔✔Bian et al method: gender and intelligence
1. Associated brilliance with their own gender; no preference in toys
2. Associated brilliance with the other gender (especially girls) —> reduced ingroup bias; girls
showed reduced preference for "smart" toys - ✔✔Bian et al results: gender and intelligence
1. 5 year olds
2. 6-7 year olds
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