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ENSC FINAL EXAM |Questions Solved 100% Correct
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ENSC FINAL EXAM |Questions Solved 100%Correct
Three pillars to consider for debates - ✔✔Environmentally sound decisions
Socially Equitable sound decisions
Economically viable decisions
*Not politically viable decisions*
Supply and Demand - ✔✔The backbone of a market economy
Supply: how much the market can offer
Demand: quantity of a product or service desired by buyers
Which refers to a situation where the supply and demand of goods and services are
unbalanced? - ✔✔Market failure
Economically optimum amount of pollution - ✔✔As pollution goes up, the cost per unit
waste goes down
The cost is called to the environment is called Marginal Cost of Pollution Abatement
"Green" tax - ✔✔Adding "green" tax encourages polluter to decrease pollution
In a market oriented economy, economists want to raise cost of pollution in order to
discourage it.
National income accounts - ✔✔Represents the total income of a nation for a given year
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (more commonly used)
,Net Domestic Product (NDP) (Accounts for capital depreciation over the year)
GDP and NDP
Provide estimates of national economic performance
Important for policy decisions
*Misleading and incomplete because these metrics do not incorporate environmental factors*
Environment may be overexploited to yield a higher GDP in developing/emerging economies
Yale's Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
Assesses a country's commitment to environmental and resource management
Ecologists are interested in the levels of life above the organism-level - ✔✔Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Landscape
Biosphere - ✔✔The biosphere contains earth's communities, ecosystems and landscapes,
and lies within and derives energy and elements from the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and
lithosphere
Atmoshpere - ✔✔Gaseous envelope surrounding earth
Hydrosphere - ✔✔Earth's supply of water
*Lithosphere* - ✔✔Soil and rock of the earth's crust
, Trophic Levels - ✔✔Energy passes through trophic levels within an ecosystem.
First trophic level: Producers (plants)
Second trophic level: Primary consumers (mouse)
Third trophic level: Secondary consumers (snake)
Fourth trophic level: Tertiary consumers (hawk)
Decomposers: Present at all trophic levels (bacteria, fungi)
*Grasses would appear first after a fire*
Pyramid of energy - ✔✔Illustrates how much energy is present at each trophic level and how
much is transferred to the next level
Most energy dissipates between trophic levels (Lost as heat and energy to maintain each level)
Explains why there are so few trophic levels
*In the pyramid of energy, the lowest quantity of energy would be found in the ______?*
*a: tertiary consumers*
What is the primary driver for high HANPP within India and Eastern China? - ✔✔High
population density
Natural selection is based on four observations about the natural world - ✔✔1. High
Reproductive Capacity
Produce more offspring than will survive to maturity
2. Heritable Variation
Individuals vary in traits that may impact survival
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