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ENSC Study Guide for Final Exam | Q&A’s Verified
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ENSC Study Guide for Final Exam | Q&A’s Verified
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ENSC Study Guide for Final Exam | Q&A’sVerified
Atmosphere - ✔✔Contains several layers
Troposphere - ✔✔atmospheric layer closest to the earth's surface supports life and contains
the air we breathe.
Stratosphere - ✔✔the second layer of the atmosphere that contains higher concentration of
ozone and a lower volume of water vapor.
Ozone layer - ✔✔a concentrated portion of the stratosphere where most of the ozone is
located. (aka "global sunscreen")
The Air We Breathe (percentages) - ✔✔78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.93% Argon, 0.04%
Carbon Dioxide, Remaining fraction of dust, soot, and other gases in small quantities.
Air pollution - ✔✔the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere in concentrations high
enough to harm organisms, ecosystems, human-made materials, or alter climate.
Stationary source - ✔✔power plants and industrial facilities (Ex. A smokestack)
Mobile source - ✔✔motor vehicles (Ex. Exhaust pipe)
Primary pollutants - ✔✔chemicals or substances emitted directly into the air from natural
processes or human activities at concentrations high enough to cause harm.
Secondary pollutants - ✔✔harmful chemicals formed from a chemical reaction of a primary
pollutant and other natural components of air.
, Major air pollutants - ✔✔Carbon Oxides (CO and CO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Nitric Acid
(HNO3), Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), Particulates, Ozone, and Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOCs)-
Particulates - ✔✔suspended particulate matter consists of a variety of solid particles and
liquid droplets that are light enough to remain suspended in the air for extended periods of
time.
Ozone - ✔✔colorless and highly reactive gas and a major ingredient in photochemical smog.
Ozone in the stratosphere is ___ - ✔✔good
Ozone in the troposphere is ____ at high enough levels. - ✔✔harmful
Basic Air Pollutant Sources - ✔✔Combustion, Evaporation, Grinding and abrasion (PM),
Chemical reactions in the atmosphere - secondary pollutants
Smog - ✔✔smoke or haze combined with air pollutants
Photochemical smog - ✔✔mixture of primary and secondary pollutants formed under the
influence of UV radiation from the sun
Brown-air smog - ✔✔type of smog that occurs when nitric oxide NO is converted to the
reddish brown nitrogen dioxide NO2
Industrial smog - ✔✔mixture of mostly sulfur dioxide SO2, suspended droplets of sulfuric
acid, and a variety of suspended solid particles in outside air.
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