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NR328 Pediatrics: Cardiac Test with 100%
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NR328 Pediatrics: Cardiac Test with 100%
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NR328 Pediatrics: Cardiac Test with 100%Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - ✔✔Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary
artery remains open after birth. Failure to close within the first few weeks of life causes blood
to flow from aorta to pulmonary artery; causing left to right shunt (ACYANOTIC)
Symptoms:
- BOUNDING PERIPHERAL PULSES ( increased bp in upper extremities)
- Weak pulse in lower extremities
- Widened pulse pressure
- Murmur
- Tachypnea, dyspnea
- Tachycardia
- Hoarse cry
- If small, asymptomatic
- If large; CHF
DX: Echo
Treatment:
- Indomethacin: Close PDA
- Prostaglandin: Keeps PDA open
Obstruction to Blood flow from the ventricles (Acyanotic) - ✔✔Stenosis or atresia preventing
blood from leaving the heart (Acyanotic and No shunt)
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Aortic stenosis
, Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) - ✔✔Coarctation of the Aorta:
- The aorta is narrowed near the insertion of the ductus arteriosus
- Increased pressure proximal to the defect
- Causes high BP and bounding pulses in arms
- Weak or absent femoral pulses
- Cool lower extremities w/ low BP
- Dizziness, fainting, epistaxis (older children)
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
INCREASED RISK FOR:
- Ruptured aorta
- Aortic aneurysm
- Stroke
Management:
- Balloon angioplasty
- Surgery
Aortic Stenosis (AS) - ✔✔Narrowing of the aortic valve which causes increased resistance in
left ventricle, decreased CO, left ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular congestion
Symptoms:
- Decreased CO
- Faint pulses
- Hypotension
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