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WGU D236 pathophysiology Objective Assessment Questions and Verified Answers Latest 2024.
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WGU D236 pathophysiology Objective Assessment Questions and Verified Answers Latest 2024. WGU D236 pathophysiology: Objective Assessment Questions and Verified Answers | Latest 2023/2024 GRADED A+. A major function of potassium is to conduct nerve impulses in muscles. Too low and muscle weakness o...

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  • September 16, 2024
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WGU D236 pathophysiology Objective Assessment
Questions and Verified Answers Latest 2024/2025
GRADED A+



What xis xStarling's xLaw xof xCapillary xforces? x




How xdoes xthis xexplain xwhy xa xnutritionally xdeficient xchild xwould xhave xedema? x- xANS-

Starling's xLaw xdescribes xhow xfluids xmove xacross xthe xcapillary xmembrane. xThere xare

xtwo xmajor xopposing xforces xthat xact xto xbalance xeach xother, xhydrostatic xpressure



x(pushing xwater xout xof xthe xcapillaries) xand xosmotic xpressure x(including xoncontic



xpressure, xwhich xpushes xfluid xinto xthe xcapillaries). x




Both xelectrolytes xand xproteins x(oncontic xpressure) xin xthe xblood xaffect xosmotic

xpressure, xhigh xelectrolyte xand xprotein xconcentrations xin xthe xblood xwould xcause



xwater xto xleave xthe xcells xand xinterstitial xspace xand xenter xthe xblood xstream xto xdilute



xthe xhigh xconcentrations. x

,On, xthe xother xhand, xlow xelectrolyte xand xprotein xconcentrations x(as xseen xin xa

xnutritionally xdeficient xchild) xwould xcause xwater xto xleave xthe xcapillaries xand xenter



xthe xcells xand xinterstitial xfluid xwhich xcan xlead xto xedema.




How xdoes xthe xRAAS x(Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone xSystem) xresult xin xincreased

xblood xvolume xand xincreased xblood xpressure? x- xANS-A xdrop xin xblood xpressure xis



xsensed xby xthe xkidneys xby xlow xperfusion, xwhich xin xturn xbegins xto xsecrete xrenin. x




Renin xthen xtriggers xthe xliver xto xproduce xangiotensinogen, xwhich xis xconverted xto

xAngiotensin xI xin xthe xlungs xand xthen xangiotensin xII xby xthe xenzyme x




Angiotensin-converting xenzyme x(ACE). xAngiotensin xII xstimulates xperipheral xarterial

xvasoconstriction xwhich xraises xBP. x




Angiotensin xII xis xalso xstimulating xthe xadrenal xgland xto xrelease xaldosterone, xwhich

xacts xto xincrease xsodium xand xwater xreabsorption xincreasing xblood xvolume, xwhile xalso



xincreased xpotassium xsecretion xin xurine.

,How xcan xhyperkalemia xlead xto xcardiac xarrest? x- xANS-Normal xlevels xof xpotassium xare

xbetween x3.5 xand x5.2 xmEq/dL. xHyperkalemia xrefers xto xpotassium xlevels xhigher xthat



x5.2 xmEq/dL. x




A xmajor xfunction xof xpotassium xis xto xconduct xnerve ximpulses xin xmuscles. xToo xlow

xand xmuscle xweakness xoccurs xand xtoo xmuch xcan xcause xmuscle xspasms. x




This xis xespecially xdangerous xin xthe xheart xmuscle xand xan xirregular xheartbeat xcan

xcause xa xheart xattack




The xbody xuses xthe xProtein xBuffering xSystem, xPhosphate xBuffering xSystem, xand

xCarbonic xAcid-Bicarbonate xSystem xto xregulate xand xmaintain xhomeostatic xpH, xwhat xis



xthe xconsequence xof xa xpH ximbalance x- xANS-Proteins xcontain xmany xacidic xand xbasic



xgroup xthat xcan xbe xaffected xby xpH xchanges. xAny xincrease xor xdecrease xin xblood xpH



xcan xalter xthe xstructure xof xthe xprotein x(denature), xthereby xaffecting xits xfunction xas



xwell




Describe xthe xlaboratory xfindings xassociated xwith xmetabolic xacidosis, xmetabolic

xalkalosis, xrespiratory xacidosis xand xrespiratory xalkalosis. x(ie xrelative xpH xand xCO2

, xlevels). x- xANS-Normal xABGs x(Arterial xBlood xGases) xBlood xpH: x7.35-7.45 xPCO2: x35-45



xmm xHg xPO2: x90-100 xmm xHg xHCO3-: x22-26 xmEq/L xSaO2: x95-100% x




Respiratory xacidosis xand xalkalosis xare xmarked xby xchanges xin xPCO2. xHigher x= xacidosis

xand xlower x= xalkalosis x




Metabolic xacidosis xand xalkalosis xare xcaused xby xsomething xother xthan xabnormal xCO2

xlevels. xThis xcould xinclude xtoxicity, xdiabetes, xrenal xfailure xor xexcessive xGI xlosses. x




Here xare xthe xrules xto xfollow xto xdetermine xif xis xrespiratory xor xmetabolic xin xnature. x-

If xpH xand xPCO2 xare xmoving xin xopposite xdirections, xthen xit xis xthe xpCO2 xlevels xthat

xare xcausing xthe ximbalance xand xit xis xrespiratory xin xnature. x




-If xPCO2 xis xnormal xor xis xmoving xin xthe xsame xdirection xas xthe xpH, xthen xthe

ximbalance xis xmetabolic xin xnature.




The xanion xgap xis xthe xdifference xbetween xmeasured xcations x(Na+ xand xK+) xand

xmeasured xanions x(Cl- xand xHCO3-), xthis xcalculation xcan xbe xuseful xin xdetermining xthe



xcause xof xmetabolic xacidosis. x

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