Requirements for fertility
- Production of normal sperm
- Production of normal eggs
- Sperm must traverse the female tract to reach the oocyte and
undergo capacitation - all within a specified window of time
- Sperm must be able to penetrate and fertilise the oocyte
- Implantation
- Normal pregnancy
What is fertility?
,Measure of the actual outcome of reproductive process - no. of
children born to individual/couple
What is fecundability?
probability of conceiving each month - monthly chance of
pregnancy or monthly fertility rate, either for individual (over
time), or for population (no. of conceptions occurring in 1
month)
what is fecundity?
measure of ability to conceive AND produce a live birth
What is infertility?
Inability to conceive after a period of unprotected intercourse
OR the inability to carry a pregnancy to term
,What is subfertility?
a state of reduced fertility
NICE definition of infertility?
failing to get pregnant after 2 years of regular unprotected sex
causes (sources) of infertility
Causes of Infertility (ESHRE Workshop, 1996)
- Female (35%)
- Male (35%)
- Combination (15%)
- Unknown (15%)
, Important history Qs for infertility
- How long have you been trying?
- Family history (genetics suspicions?),
- Current sexual history (type of intercourse, how regular,
when?),
- Past sexual history
Female factors that can affect fertility
1. Ovulatory disorders
2. Tubal Damage
3. Endometriosis
4. Uterine Abnormalities
5. Implantation, growth and development
How are female fertility problems diagnosed?
1. by blood analyses (hormonal)
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