Passive transport requires energy to move an uncharged molecule across a
semipermeable membrane.
True
False - The answer is False
"In passive transport, water and small, electrically uncharged molecules move easily
through pores in the plasma membrane's lipid bilayer. Molecules will easily flow downhill
from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, this movement is
called passive because it doesn't require expenditure of energy. It is driven by osmosis,
hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do
not require life" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 28).
_________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the
injury has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________ is the
production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide.
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy - The answer is A
"Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an
increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the
injury has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for hyperplasia is the
production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell
components and ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of new
cells from tissue stem cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 48).
Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and
bone) usually end in what suffix?
A. Phoma
B. Kemia
C. Carcinoma
,D. Sarcoma - The answer is D
"Cancers arising from mesenchymal tissue (including connective tissue, muscle, and
bone) usually have the suffix sarcoma" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p. 347).
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of Hypocalcemia?
A. Negative Trousseau's sign
B. Tapping on the facial nerve below the temple and the nose/lip twitching
C. Coma
D. Serum Calcium level of 9.4 mg/dl - THE ANSWER IS B. Tapping on the facial nerve
below the temple and the nose/lip twitching is also known as a positive Cvostek sign.
The symptoms of hypocalcemia are related to neuromuscular irritability. A positive
Trousseau's sign would be a manifestation of hypocalcemia, not a negative one. Serum
Calcium level would need to be below 8.5 mg/dl to indicate hypocalcemia.(McCance et
al. 2014, p. 120).
Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis?
A. Renal Failure
B. Diarrhea
C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
D. Vomiting - THE ANSWER IS D. Vomiting would cause Metabolic Alkalosis not
Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic Acidosis happens when the concentration of non-
carbonic acids increases or bicarb is lost from ECF and cannot be regenerated by the
kidney. (McCance et al. 2014, p. 126-127).
_____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia - THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size,
shape, and organization of mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54).
,TRUE or False. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane factory that specializes in
the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's
organelles. - Answer: TRUE
Rationale: n"The nendoplasmic nreticulum nis na nmembrane nfactory nthat nspecializes nin nthe
nsynthesis nand ntransport nof nthe nprotein nand nlipid ncomponents nof nmost nof nthe ncell's
norganelles. nIt nconsists nof na nnetwork nof ntubular nor nsaclike nchannels nthat nextend
nthroughout nthe ncytoplasm nand nare ncontinuous nwith nthe nouter nnuclear nmembrane"
n(McCance, nK. nL., nHuether, nS.E., nBrashers, nV. nL., nand nRote, nN. nS., n2019).
Which nof nthe nfollowing nstatements nare nproven nto nbe ntrue nabout nprostate ncancer? nSelect
nall nthat napply:
A. nHaving nan naffected nfirst-degree nrelative nincreases nyour nchance nof ndeveloping
nprostate ncancer
B. nNon-genetic nrisk nfactors ninclude nhigh-carbohydrate ndiet
C. nProstate ncancer nusually nprogresses nrapidly
D. nProstate ncancer ncan nbe ndetected nby ndigital nexamination nand nby nexamining nPSA
nlevels
E. nThe nmean nage nof nonset nfor ndeveloping nprostate ncancer nis n72 nyears nof nage n- n
nAnswers: nA, nD, nE
Rationale: nReview nsection nover nprostate ncancer nin ntext. nNon-genetic nrisk nfactors
ninclude nhigh-fat ndiet. nProstate ncancer nusually nprogresses nvery nslowly. n(McCance, nK.
nL., nHuether, nS.E., nBrashers, nV. nL., nand nRote, nN. nS., n2019).
Which nof nthe nfollowing nstatements nare ntrue nabout ntype nII ndiabetes? nSelect nall nthat
napply:
A. nType nII ndiabetes nis ninsulin nresistant
B. nType nII ndiabetes nin nautoimmune
C. nAge nof nonset nis nusually n>40 nyears
D. nObesity nis ncommon nwith ntype nII ndiabetes
E. nThe nbody ndoes nnot nproduce ninsulin nwith ntype nII ndiabetes n- n nAnswers: nA, nC, nD
Rationale: nRefer nto ntable n5.7 n"Comparison nof nMajor nFeatures nof nType n1 nand nType n2
nDiabetes" n(McCance, nK. nL., nHuether, nS.E., nBrashers, nV. nL., nand nRote, nN. nS., n2019).
, Your npatient npresents ncomplaining nof ntingling, nmuscle nspasms nin nher nfeet nand nintestinal
ncramping. nUpon nexamination, nyou nelicit na npositive nChvostek nsign. nThese nare nindicative
nof
a. nHypercalcemia
b. nHypocalcemia
c. nHyperkalemia
d. nHypokalemia n- n nAnswer: nB n- nHypocalcemia
Rationale: nManifestations nof nhypocalcemia ninclude nincreased nneuromuscular
nexcitability, ntingling, nmuscle nspasms nin nfeet nand nfacial nmuscles, nintestinal ncramping,
nincreased nbowel nsounds, nosteoporosis nand nfractures. nSevere nhypocalcemia ncan
nexhibit nconvulsions, ntetany, na nprolonged nQT ninterval nand ncardiac narrest. nTwo nclinical
nsigns nof nhypocalcemia ninclude nChvostek nsign nand nTrousseau nsign. nThe nChvostek nsign
nis nelicited nby ntapping non nthe nfacial nnerve njust nunderneath nthe ntemple. nA npositive nsign
nwill nresult nin na ntwitch nof nthe nnose nor nlip n(Huether, n2019).
An nincrease nin nsize nof ncells nthat nconsequently nincreased nthe nsize nof nthe naffected norgan
nis
a. nHypertrophy
b. nDysplasia
c. nMetaplasia
d. nHyperplasia n- n nAnswer: na n- nhypertrophy
Rationale: n"Hypertrophy nis nan nincrease nin nthe nsize nof ncells nthat nconsequently nincreases
nthe nsize nof nthe naffected norgan" n(McCance, nGrey, n& nRodway, n2019, np. n48). nThe nheart
nand nkidneys nare nespecially nresponsive nto nenlarging.
Which nof nthe nfollowing nis nNOT ncharacteristic nof nKlinefelter's nSyndrome?
a. nA nfemale nappearance
b. nSmall ntestes
c. nSparse nbody nhair
d. nElevated nstature n- n nAnswer: na n- nA nfemale nAppearance
Rationale: nIndividuals nwith nKlinefelter's nsyndrome nhave nat nleast n2 nX nchromosomes nand
na nY nchromosome. nDue nto nthe nappearance nof nthe nY nchromosome, nthese nindividuals
nhave na nmale nappearance. nOther ncharacteristics nof nKlinefelter's nsyndrome ninclude
nfemale n- nlike nbreasts nin nabout nhalf, nsmall ntestes, nsparse nbody nhair, nhigh npitched nvoice,
nelevated nstature nand na nmoderate ndegree nof nmental nimpairment n(Jorde, n2019).
Owens nis na n45 nyear nold nfemale. nHer nmedical nhistory nincludes: ntotal nthyroidectomy,
nmalnutrition, nand nvitamin nD ndeficiency. nDuring nyour nassessment, nyou nnotice nshe nhas na
npositive nChvostek's nsign. nYour ntreatment nplan nwould ninclude nwhich nintervention?
A. nAdministration nof nIV nMagnesium nSulfate.
B. nDialysis ninitiation.
C. nOral ncalcium nreplacement.
