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Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 8 questions with answers.
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Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 8questions with answers.
alpha motor neuron ANS -the neurons that terminate on muscle fibers, causing contractions that
produce movements; originate in the spinal cord and exit through the ventral root of the cord
apraxia ANS -a neurological syndrome characterized by loss of skilled or purposeful movement that
cannot be attributed to weakness or an inability to innervate the muscles; results from lesions of the
cerebral cortex, usually in the left hemisphere
ataxia ANS -a movement disorder associated with lesions or atrophy of the cerebellum; clumsy and
erratic movements, even though muscle strength is normal
basal ganglia ANS -a collection of five subcortical nuclei: the caudate, putamen, glubus pallidus,
subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra; involved in motor control and learning; reciprocal neuronal
loops project from cortical areas to here and back to the cortex
bradykinesia ANS -slowness in the initiation and execution of movements; prominent symptom in
Parkinson's disease
brain-machine interface (BMI) ANS -a device that uses the interpretation of neuronal signals to perform
desired operations with a mechanical device outside the body; for instance, signals recorded from
neurons or EEG can be used to move a prosthetic arm
central pattern generator ANS -a neural network limited to the spinal cord that produces patterned
motor outputs without descending commands from the cerebral cortex or sensory feedback
cerebellum ANS -a large, highly convoluted (infolded) structure located dorsal to the brainstem at the
level of the pons; maintains interconnectivity with other cortical areas, subcortical structures, and the
cerebellum and spinal cortex
corticospinal tract (CST) ANS -a bundle of axons that originate in the cortex and terminate
monosynaptically on alpha motor neurons and spinal interneurons in the spinal cord; many of these
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