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Med surg Neuro questions & answers.
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Med surg Neuro questions & answers.The nurse is caring for a group of patients on a medical unit. After receiving report, which patient should
the nurse see first?
A. A 42-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who was admitted with sepsis
B. A 72-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease who has aspiration pneumonia
C. A 38-year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed medications
D. A 45-year-old patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who refuses enteral feedings ANS -C. A 38-
year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed medications
Patients with myasthenia gravis who discontinue pyridostigmine (Mestinon) will develop a myasthenic
crisis. Myasthenia crisis results in severe muscle weakness and can lead to a respiratory arrest.
The nurse observes a 74-year-old man with Parkinson's disease rocking side to side while sitting in the
chair. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. Provide the patient with diversional activities.
B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
C. Take the patient's blood pressure sitting and standing.
D. Ask if the patient is feeling either anxious or depressed. ANS -B. Document the activity in the
patient's health record.
Patients with Parkinson's disease are instructed to rock from side to side to stimulate balance
mechanisms and decrease akinesia.
The nurse provides dietary instructions to the in-home caregiver of a 45-year-old man who has
Huntington's disease. The nurse is most concerned if the caregiver makes which statement?
A. "Depression is common and may cause a decrease in appetite."
B. "If swallowing becomes difficult, a feeding tube may be needed."
,C. "Calories should be restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
D. "Muscles in the face are affected, and chewing may become impossible." ANS -C. "Calories should be
restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
Patients with Huntington's disease may require 4000 to 5000 calories per day to maintain body weight.
Weight loss occurs in patients with Huntington's disease because of choreic movements, difficulty
swallowing, depression, and mental deterioration.
Which measure should the nurse prioritize when providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of multiple
sclerosis (MS)?
A. Vigilant infection control and adherence to standard precautions
B. Careful monitoring of neurologic assessment and frequent reorientation
C. Maintenance of a calorie count and hourly assessment of intake and output
D. Assessment of blood pressure and monitoring for signs of orthostatic hypotension ANS -A. Vigilant
infection control and adherence to standard precautions
Infection control is a priority in the care of patients with MS, since infection is the most common cause
of an exacerbation of the disease. Decreases in cognitive function are less likely, and MS does not
typically result in malnutrition, hypotension, or fluid volume excess or deficit.
A male patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been admitted recently to a long-term
care facility. Which action should the health care team take in order to promote adequate nutrition for
this patient?
A. Provide multivitamins with each meal.
B. Provide a diet that is low in complex carbohydrates and high in protein.
C. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and swallow.
D. Provide the patient with a minced or pureed diet that is high in potassium and low in sodium. ANS -C.
Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and swallow.
, Nutritional support is a priority in the care of individuals with PD. Such patients may benefit from meals
that are smaller and more frequent than normal and that are easy to chew and swallow.
Which nursing diagnosis is likely to be a priority in the care of a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG)?
A. Acute confusion
B. Bowel incontinence
C. Activity intolerance
D. Disturbed sleep pattern ANS -C. Activity intolerance
The primary feature of MG is fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle. Bowel incontinence and confusion
are unlikely signs of MG, and although sleep disturbance is likely, activity intolerance is usually of
primary concern.
When establishing a diagnosis of MS, the nurse should teach the patient about what diagnostic studies
(select all that apply)?
A. EEG
B. CT scan
C. Carotid duplex scan
D. Evoked response testing
E. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis ANS -B. CT scan Correct
D. Evoked response testing Correct
E. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis Correct
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