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Freshman College Composition CLEP study guide questions
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Freshman College Composition CLEP study guide questions
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Freshman College Composition CLEPstudy guide questions
expository - ANS nonfiction
types of evidence - ANS (from most to least valid)
-documented facts and statistics
-expert testimony
-personal experience and anecdote
-hypothetical illustration
-analogies
(the last two are not hard evidence, but offer common sense and probability to support an
argument)
denotation - ANS dictionary definition
connotation - ANS emotional, social, cultural, or historical associations people make with a
word in addition to its literal meaning/definition
concrete words - ANS indicate something that can be observed directly through our senses
abstract words - ANS indicate something that is understood only indirectly by association or
indirect evidence (such as love, fear, friendship, etc.)
inference - ANS a reader's probable and reasonable conclusion or interpretation of an idea
based upon what the writer has written
(writers imply; readers infer)
inductive reasoning - ANS specific to general
deductive reasoning - ANS general to specific
fallacy - ANS logical errors (usually based on a false premise)
common types:
-either/or (they assume there are only two opposing possibilities)
-oversimplification
-begging the question (they assume that they have proved something which has not been
proven)
-ignoring the issue (arguing something that is irrelevant to the issue)
-arguing against a person, not an idea
, -"it does not follow..." or non sequitur (they leap to a wrong conclusion)
-drawing the wrong conclusion from a sequence
irony (and poetic justice) - ANS things turning out to be not what they originally appeared to
be (and a form of the previously mentioned where a character, usually evil, ends up getting what
he or she wanted done to others)
omniscient narrator - ANS (third person) all-seeing, all-knowing, and able to be everywhere
at once (includes knowing all of the characters' thoughts)
limited-omniscient narrator - ANS (first person) usually already knows the outcome
(includes only knowing one character's thoughts, although they may guess other characters'
thoughts, and having one person's personality)
limited or restricted narrator - ANS one person telling the story from their perspective and
who has limited insight into what will happen next (they learn what happens when it happens)
persona (and dramatic monologue) - ANS the narrator in a poem, they become a character
(a god, animal, idea, character from history, etc.) and tell the poem. this is not the same as the
author as they may be different personalities. (and when the comments of the aforementioned
are important to what they are describing)
"slice of life" - ANS the writer has chosen to write about this particular time rather than some
other time (it is one part of a life story)
verisimilitude - ANS presenting a story or drama in a universe that appears just like the real
one. most novels and television sitcoms do this. ("imitation of life")
episodic plot - ANS one event seems to happen after another in the logic of time unfolding
as it normally does
paradigmatic plot - ANS one thing happens after another as though designed by fate or "the
gods", or by a logic so compelling as to leave no doubt as to the links among the characters and
the action (like in a mystery).
picaresque - ANS an adventure of a young man or woman, usually an orphan (picaro), who
by virtue of his or her wits, manages to overcome the many obstacles thrown in his or her path
foreshadowing - ANS A device used in literature to create expectation or to set up an
explanation of later developments. (details or dialogue that hint at future events.)
protagonist - ANS the main character or "good guy"
antagonist - ANS the one makes it hard for the "good guy"
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