Chloride - Answer Passively follows Na+. Sweat chloride test for Dx
of cystic fibrosis.
CO2, total - Answer >90% is bicarbonate (HCO3-); remainder
, is carbonic acid (H2CO3). ↑ in metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - Answer All tissues. ↑ liver & bone disease. Levels
higher in biliary tract obstruction
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - Answer Highest in liver, heart, skeletal muscle. ↑
with liver disease (marked ↑ with viral hepatitis), acute
myocardial infarction (AMI), muscular dystrophy
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Answer Liver, RBCs. More specific for liver disease
than
AST. Marked ↑ with viral hepatitis.
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) Answer ↑ in all hepatobiliary disorders, chronic
nalcoholism. Most sensitive enzyme for all types of liver disease. Highest levels with
obstructive disorders.
Bilirubin - Answer Jendrassik-Grof method. Diazo reagent. Direct ↑ liver disease,
obstructive jaundice. Indirect ↑ prehepatic, posthepatic, & some types of hepatic
jaundice
ADH - Answer Reabsorption of water in distal renal tubules. Release stimulated by ↑
osmolality, ↓ blood volume or blood pressure. ↓ in diabetes insipidus.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Answer Regulation of Ca2+ & phosphate
Aldosterone - Answer Resorption of Na+ in renal tubules. ↑ causes hypertension due to
water & Na+ retention. ↓ leads to severe water & electrolyte abnormalities.
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