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Exam (elaborations)

MLS ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+

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MLS ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+...

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  • September 16, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • MLS ASCP
  • MLS ASCP
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Easton
MLS ASCP EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+



Total protein - Answer Biuret method. ↑ dehydration, chronic inflammation, multiple
myeloma ↓ nephrotic syndrome, malabsorption, overhydration, hepatic

insufficiency, malnutrition, agammaglobulinemia

<4.5 g/dL associated with peripheral edema

Albumin same except decreases with inflammation.



Phenylketonuria - Answer Mental retardation. Urine has "mousy" odor.

All newborns are screened



Alkaptonuria - Answer Diapers stain black due to homogentisic

acid in urine.



Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) - Answer Enzyme deficiency leading to buildup of

leucine, isoleucine, valine.



Homocystinuria - Answer Deficiency in enzyme required for metabolism

of methionine. Methionine & homocysteine accumulate in plasma & urine.



Fluorometry - Answer Atoms absorb light of specific wavelength & emit light of longer
wavelength (lower energy). Detector at 90º to light source

Used to measure drugs, hormones.



Chemiluminescence - Answer Chemical rxn that produces light. Used for
immunoassays.

,Turbidimetry-Answer Measures reduction in light transmission by particles in
suspension. Used to measure proteins in urine & CSF.



Nephelometry-Answer Similar to turbidity, but light is measured at angle from light
source. Used to measure ag-ab rxn.



Serum Protein Electrophoresis-Answer Acute inflammation↑ alpha-1 & alpha-2

Chronic infection↑ alpha-1, alpha-2, & gamma

Cirrhosis Polyclonal ↑(all fractions) in gamma w/ beta-gamma bridging

Monoclonal gammopathy Sharp ↑ in 1 immunoglobulin ("M spike"). ↓ in other fractions

Polyclonal gammopathy Diffuse ↑ in gamma

Hypogammaglobulinemia ↓ gamma

Nephrotic syndrome ↓ albumin, ↑ alpha-2

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency ↓ alpha-1

Hemolyzed specimen ↑ beta or unusual band between alpha-2 & beta

Plasma Extra band (fibrinogen) between beta & gamma



Creatinine - Answer ↑ kidney disease

Jaffe's reaction (alkaline picrate)



Ammonia - Answer ↑ liver disease, hepatic coma, renal failure, Reye's syndrome



Sodium - Answer Regulated by aldosterone



Chloride - Answer Passively follows Na+. Sweat chloride test for Dx

of cystic fibrosis.



CO2, total - Answer >90% is bicarbonate (HCO3-); remainder

, is carbonic acid (H2CO3). ↑ in metabolic alkalosis, compensated respiratory acidosis



Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - Answer All tissues. ↑ liver & bone disease. Levels

higher in biliary tract obstruction



Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - Answer Highest in liver, heart, skeletal muscle. ↑
with liver disease (marked ↑ with viral hepatitis), acute

myocardial infarction (AMI), muscular dystrophy



Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Answer Liver, RBCs. More specific for liver disease
than

AST. Marked ↑ with viral hepatitis.



Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) Answer ↑ in all hepatobiliary disorders, chronic

nalcoholism. Most sensitive enzyme for all types of liver disease. Highest levels with
obstructive disorders.



Bilirubin - Answer Jendrassik-Grof method. Diazo reagent. Direct ↑ liver disease,
obstructive jaundice. Indirect ↑ prehepatic, posthepatic, & some types of hepatic
jaundice



ADH - Answer Reabsorption of water in distal renal tubules. Release stimulated by ↑
osmolality, ↓ blood volume or blood pressure. ↓ in diabetes insipidus.



Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Answer Regulation of Ca2+ & phosphate

Primary hyperthyroidism = ↑ PTH, ↑ Ca2+, ↓ phosphate

Hypoparathyroidism = ↓ PTH, ↓ Ca2+, ↑ phosphate



Aldosterone - Answer Resorption of Na+ in renal tubules. ↑ causes hypertension due to
water & Na+ retention. ↓ leads to severe water & electrolyte abnormalities.

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