Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 04 - Principles of Infection Prevention and Control
- Course
- Nursing
- Institution
- Allegany College Of Maryland
Chapter 04 - Principles of Infection Prevention and Control
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Chapter 04 - Principles of Infection Prevention and ControlKacmarek et al.: Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care,
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Approximately what percent of hospitalized patients develop a health care–associated
infection?
a. 1%
b. 4%
c. 10%
d. 25%
ANS: B
Patients are at risk for developing infections during their hospital stay. A recent study
estimated that 4% of hospitalized patients in the United States develop a health care–
associated infection.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 60 OBJ: 1
2. Which of the following is considered the primary source of infection in the health care
setting?
a. Medical equipment
b. Humans
c. Food and water
d. Carpet
ANS: B
Humans (patients, personnel, or visitors) are the primary sources for infectious agents in the
health care setting.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 60 OBJ: 1
3. How do endotracheal tubes increase the risk of infection?
a. By increasing bleeding risks
b. Providing surfaces for biofilms to develop
c. By reducing neutrophil effectiveness
d. By increasing mucociliary escalator clearance
ANS: B
Endotracheal tubes allow pathogens to increase the risk of infection by impeding local host
defenses and providing biofilms that may facilitate adherence of pathogens.
DIF: Application REF: p. 60 OBJ: 5
4. Which of the following factors increase the risk of surgical patients for developing
postoperative pneumonia?
1. Obesity
2. Prolonged intubation
3. History of smoking
4. Elderly
, a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
Patients at highest risk include elderly persons, the severely obese, those with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or a history of smoking, and those having an artificial
airway in place for long periods. Strong cough mechanism actually helps to prevent atelectasis
and pneumonia.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 60 OBJ: 4
5. What is the most common route of pathogen transmission in the hospital setting?
a. Indirect contact
b. Droplet transmission
c. Airborne transmission
d. Surgical transmission
ANS: A
Indirect contact transmission is the most frequent mode of transmission in the health care
environment.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 61 OBJ: 3
6. Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission involving fomites?
a. Use of a sterile needle on a pneumonia patient
b. Use of a dirty laryngoscope blade on another patient
c. Drinking tap water
d. Inhaling tuberculosis pathogens in the emergency department
ANS: B
Instruments that have been inadequately cleaned between patients before disinfection or
sterilization are an example of indirect contact transmission involving fomites.
DIF: Application REF: p. 62 OBJ: 3
7. If you are caring for a patient who is suspected of having SARS, at what distance from the
patient is it recommended to wear an effective filtration mask?
a. 6 ft
b. 10 ft
c. 12 ft
d. 15 ft
ANS: A
Current HICPAC guidelines state it may be prudent to don a mask when within 6 ft of the
patient or upon entry into the room of a patient who is on droplet isolation.
DIF: Application REF: p. 62 OBJ: 9
8. Which of the following diseases are transmitted primarily by airborne transmission?
1. Tuberculosis
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