AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Low CD4 T cell count <200, Opportunistic infections HIV/AIDS Key Features CNS Signs Confusion Dementia Fever Visual changes Memory loss Personalitychanges Pain Seizures CNS Inflammation causes damage to the
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Course
NUR 265
Institution
NUR 265
Multiple Sclerosis
Incidence/Prevalence
• Gender: affects more women than men
• Age: highest incidence 20-40 yrs. Known as disease of the young
• Incidence: about 500,000 people in the US are currently affected. Incidence in the first degree relatives of a person with MS is 15%. Life expe...
NUR265: Exam 1 (Fall questions
fully solved & updated 2024-
2025)
17.2 Describe a comprehensive prep assessment to identify
pertinent health and surgical risk factors - answer health hx and
physical exam
medications and allergies
nutritional, fluid status
dentition
drug or alcohol use
respiratory and cardiovascular status
hepatic and renal function
endocrine function
immune function
previous medication use
psychosocial factors
spiritual and cultural beliefs
17.3 Describe considerations related to prop nursing care of older
adult pts, pts who are obese, and pts with disabilities - answer -
cardiac reserves are lower
-renal and hepatic functions are depressed
-gastrointestinal activity is likely to be reduced
-respiratory compromise
-decreased subcutaneous fat; more susceptible to temp changes
, -may need more time and multiple explanations to understand and
retain what is communicated restrictions
-Elderly: increased risk for infection and wound changes, more
physiological changes, increased risk for a variety of medical
conditions, nutritional status (loss of muscle mass), fall
risks/injuries, more meds
-Obese: hypertension, increased risk of infection (more tissue),
mobility, airway, diabetes, wound healing, dehiscence (wound
opening up)
-Disabilities: depending on disability (mobility, visual, hearing)
17.4 Identify legal and ethical considerations related to obtaining
informed consent fo r surgery - answer -should be in writing before
non emergent surgery
-legal mandate
-surgeon must explain the procedure, benefits, risks, complications,
etc.
-nurse clarifies info and witnesses sig
-consent is valid ONLY when signed before administering
psychoactive premedication
-consent accompanies pt to OR
17.5 Describe pre op nursing measures that decrease one the risk
for infection and other postop complications - answer -providing pt
education
-deep breathing, coughing, and incentive spirometry
-mobility and active body movement
-pain management
-cognitive coping strategies
-education for pts undergoing ambulatory surgery
-provide psychosocial intervention: reducing anxiety and decreasing
fear, respecting cultural/spiritual/and religious beliefs
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