development and culture
• Infant/neonate
• Adolescent
• Pregnant female (discharge can be a normal finding)
• Aging female: Menopause (atrophy occurs in breasts and lump are harder to find)
• Male breast: Gynecomastia
gynecomastia
development of breast tissue in males (due to...
NUR-265 GU breast week 8
questions fully solved &
updated 2024-2025.
development and culture - answer • Infant/neonate
• Adolescent
• Pregnant female (discharge can be a normal finding)
• Aging female: Menopause (atrophy occurs in breasts and lump are
harder to find)
• Male breast: Gynecomastia
gynecomastia - answer development of breast tissue in males (due
to decreased testosterone especially in elderly)
health history questions - answer • Pain (PQRST)
• Lump (PQRST)
• Discharge (can be expected in pregnancy)
• Rash
• Swelling
• Trauma
• History of breast disease
• Surgery or Radiation
• Medications (BIRTH CONTROL)
• Self Care (are you getting mammograms annually, Self-checking in
the mirror)
• Axilla (breast tissue goes up into the axillae; lumps can often be
missed here)
, Risk factors for breast cancer HIGHER RISK - answer • Female
• Age 65+
• 2 or more relatives with breast cancer diagnosed at early age
• Personal hx of breast cancer (onset< 40 years of age)
• Mammographically dense breasts
• Biopsy confirmed atypical hyperplasia (not cancerous but can
become cancerous)
• Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 & 2, HER2
Risk factors for breast cancer LOWER RISK - answer • 1 relative with
breast cancer
• High dose radiation to the chest
• Personal history of breast cancer (40+ years)
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Alcohol
Early detection - answer Mammography
• American cancer society recommendations
• Optional for Average risk - begin age 40-44
• Annually age 45-55
• Biennially age >55
Monthly self breast exam
• Best after menstrual cycle
physical exam-breast inspection - answer • General Appearance
• Skin
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