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CCJ 4700 Exam 2 Stewart with complete solutions 2024_2025
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CCJ 4700 Exam 2 Stewart with complete solutions 2024_2025
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CCJ 4700 Exam 2 Stewart with completesolutions 2024/2025
What are the 3 components of a classical experiment? - ANSWER- 1)Pre & Post-
Testing
2)Experimental & Control groups
3)Random Assignment
____________ Assignment Is a central feature of the classical experiment -
ANSWER- Random Assignment
Random assignment... - ANSWER- Reduces sources of bias & Creates equivalent
groups
Criteria for causality: - ANSWER- 1)Cause must come before effect
2)We have to show cause(x) came before effect(y)
3)We have to rule out rival explanations
Threats to internal validity: - ANSWER- -History(past events may confound
results)
-Testing(Retesting influences peoples behavior)
-Selection Bias(volunteers may choose to participate in certain study)
Why do we use sampling? - ANSWER- Bc... Its often not possible to collect info
from all persons we wish to study & Its often not necessary
Two things to do when selecting samples: - ANSWER- Select samples to
represent a larger pop. of people/things & generalize from a sample to an
unobserved population the sample is intended to represent
, When is a sample "representative" of the population? - ANSWER- When the
aggregate characteristics of the sample closely approx. those same
characteristics in the population
2 adv. of population samples: - ANSWER- -Typically more representative than
other types of samples because they avoid biases
-Permits us to estimate the accuracy of the sample
Why is standard error important? - ANSWER- Bc it indicates how closely the
sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter
As sample size increase ---> Standard error _______ - ANSWER- Decreases
If sample size is quadrupled then standard error is: - ANSWER- Reduced by 1/2
What is the sampling Frame? - ANSWER- List of the population that one is
interested in studying
What are the types of probability samples? - ANSWER- -SRS
-Systematic
-Stratified
-Cluster
SRS - ANSWER- Number is assigned to each member in the frame and then a
random number generator selects elements
Systematic - ANSWER- You randomly select every nth number on a list
(researchers use this when a list is available)
Stratified (Proportionate) - ANSWER- First divide the population into strata and
then choose your sample
Stratified (Disproportionate) - ANSWER- You over sample certain groups
When is Cluster sampling used? - ANSWER- Used when its impractical to create a
list of the target population
What are the types of non-probability sampling? - ANSWER- -Purposive
-Quota
-Convenience
-Snowball
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