Honors Biology Semester 2 Final Exam with Complete Solutions
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Course
Honors Biology Semester 2
Institution
Honors Biology Semester 2
Honors Biology Semester 2 Final Exam
with Complete Solutions
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs,
allowing replication to begin.
How does complementary base pairing ensure accuracy during DN...
Honors Biology Semester 2 Final Exam
with Complete Solutions
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
✔✔ Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs,
allowing replication to begin.
How does complementary base pairing ensure accuracy during DNA replication?
✔✔ Complementary base pairing (A with T, C with G) ensures that each new strand is an exact
copy of the original template.
What is a codon, and how is it related to DNA?
✔✔ A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino
acid or stop signal during translation.
What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends in DNA structure?
✔✔ The 5' and 3' ends refer to the orientation of the sugar-phosphate backbone, and DNA
replication occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.
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, How does RNA polymerase contribute to transcription?
✔✔ RNA polymerase binds to DNA and synthesizes mRNA by adding RNA nucleotides
complementary to the DNA template.
What is the purpose of introns and exons in genes?
✔✔ Exons code for proteins, while introns are non-coding regions that are spliced out during
RNA processing.
How do mutations in DNA affect protein synthesis?
✔✔ Mutations can lead to changes in the mRNA sequence, potentially altering the amino acid
sequence and the resulting protein's function.
What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in translation?
✔✔ rRNA is a key component of ribosomes, where it helps assemble amino acids into proteins
based on the mRNA sequence.
Why is DNA described as a "universal genetic code"?
✔✔ DNA is considered universal because the genetic code is the same in almost all organisms,
using the same nucleotide sequences to specify amino acids.
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