Ling 1 UCLA Midterm exam
1. the scientific study of language linguistics
2. structures that work together to create the sound vocal tract
3. alveolar (#1 on image)
4. hard palate (#2 on image)
5. soft palate/velum (#3 on image)
6. uvula (#4 on image)
7. pharynx (#5 on image)
8. glottis (#6 on image)
9. three features that determine consonants 1) place of articula-
tion
2) manner of articu-
lation
3) voicing
10. sounds produced by bringing both lips together (i.e. bilabials
[b], [p], [m])
11. sounds produced by touching the bottom lip to the labiodentals
upper teeth (i.e. [f], [v])
12. sounds produced by inserting the tip of the tongue interdentals
between the upper teeth and the lower teeth (i.e. [¸],
[ ])
13. sounds produced by raising the tip of the tongue to alveolars
the alveolar ridge (part of the hard palate directly
behind the upper front teeth) (i.e. [t], [d], [n], [s], [z],
[l], [r])
14. sounds produced by raising the front part of the palatals
tongue to the hard palate (bony section of the roof
, of the mouth behind the alveolar ridge) (i.e. [ƒ], [’], [tƒ],
[d’], [j])
15. sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue velars
to the soft palate or velum (i.e. [k], [g], [K])
16. [h] produced with the flow of air through the open glottals
glottis.
[A] produced if the air is stopped completely at the
glottis by tightly closed vocal chords: glottal stop
17. bilabial and velar labio-velar
18. vocal cords apart, air flows freely through glottis (no voiceless
vibration)
19. vocal cords together, airstream forces way through, voiced
causing vibration
20. there is a complete obstruction of airflow some- stops
where in the vocal tract
21. the velum is raised to block the nasal cavity so that oral stops
when the stop is released, the air flows out through
the mouth (i.e. [p, b, t, d, k, g, A ])
22. the velum is lowered to nasal stops
open the nasal cavity (i.e. [m] [n] [K])
23. there is a major, but not complete, obstruction in the fricatives
vocal tract (i.e. f, v, u as in thick, ð as in thy, s, z, ƒ as in
issue, ’ as in leisure, h as in house)
24. briefly stopping the air flow completely, then slightly affricates
releasing the closure so that a fricative like noise is
produced (i.e. [tƒ] as in cheap, [d’] as in Joe)
25. some minor obstruction of the vocal tract w/ tongue, liquids
but air still passes through (i.e. [l, r])
