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Enzymes Regulation and Inhibition
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Enzymes Regulation and Inhibition
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Enzymes Regulation and InhibitionCells
continually
produce large
amounts of an
enzyme and
not regulated
plentiful
amounts of a
product if the
processes
are ________.
•Allosterism
(Feedback Control)
• Proteolytic Enzymes
and Zymogens
General mechanisms involved in regulation include
• Covalent
Modification
• Isoenzymes
(Isozymes)
refers to changes in affinity for a substrate that is
caused by thebinding of another molecule at a site Allosterism
other than the active site (allosteric site)
Enzymes that have allosteric sites are referred to as
allosteric enzymes
_______
, A molecule that binds to the allostericsite is called a
regulator
_______
________ on the type of ______ that binds, enzyme
activitymaybestimulated (positive modulation) Depending, regulator
orinhibited (negative modulation).
refersinactive forms of an enzyme.Most proteolytic
Zymogens (Pro-
enzymes, whichcatalyze peptide bond breakage,are
Enzymes)
produced as _________.
In some allosteric enzymes, activation orinhibition is
caused by a later product of areaction
Allosterism: Feedback
sequence.Regulators of an allosteric enzyme may
Control
beproducts of different pathways within thecell or
compounds produced outside thecell, like hormones.
Under appropriate structural changes,
conditions,zymogens undergo _________ and _______. become active.
refers to the process in which enzyme activity is
alteredby covalently modifying the structure of an Covalent Modification
enzyme.
________ or _______ of a group within an enzyme
Addition, removal
either activates or inactivatesthe enzyme.
A common type of covalent modification where a
Phosphorylation-
phosphate group is added and removed, like in
Dephosphorylation
pyruvate kinase (PK).
refers to enzymes that catalyze the same reaction, but
with differentstructures and efficiencies. The same
Isozymes
reaction may be necessary in differenttissues, but not
necessarily at the same rate.
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