Chapter 6
1. A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values from experience to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements best describe a characteristic of the development of a personal value system? Select all that apply.
People are born with values.
Values act as ...
NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3 Study
Guide Questions and Answers 2024
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9/12/24
, NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3
NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3 Study
Guide Questions and Answers 2024
Chapter 6
1. A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values from experience
to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements best describe a characteristic of the
development of a personal value system? Select all that apply.
People are born with values.
Values act as standards to guide behavior.
Values are ranked on a continuum of importance.
Values influence beliefs about health and illness.
Value systems are not related to personal codes of conduct.
Nurses should not let their values influence patient care. - 1. b, c, d. A value is a belief
about the worth of something, about what matters, which acts as a standard to guide
one's behavior. A value system is an organization of values in which each is ranked along
a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct. A person's
values influence beliefs about human needs, health, and illness; the practice of health
behaviors; and human responses to illness. Values guide the practice of nursing care. An
individual is not born with values; rather, values are formed during a lifetime from
information from the environment, family, and culture.
2. Five-year-old Bobby has dietary modifications related to his diabetes. His parents
want him to value good nutritional habits and they decide to deprive him of a favorite
TV program when he becomes angry after they deny him foods not on his diet. This is an
example of what mode of value transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
Rewarding and punishing - 2. d.When rewarding and punishing are used to transmit
values, children are rewarded for demonstrating values held by parents and punished
for demonstrating unacceptable values. Through modeling, children learn what is of
high or low value by observing parents, peers, and significant others. Children whose
caregivers use the moralizing mode of value transmission are taught a complete value
system by parents or an institution (e.g., church or school) that allows little opportunity
for them to weigh different values. Those who use the laissez-faire approach to value
transmission leave children to explore values on their own (no single set of values is
presented as best for all) and to develop a personal value system.
NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3
, NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3
3. A nurse who is working in a hospital setting after graduation from a local college uses
value clarification to help understand the values that motivate patient behavior. Which
examples denote "prizing" in the process of values clarification? Select all that apply.
A patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer.
A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20 pounds.
A patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress-related myocardial infarction.
A patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine.
A patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year.
A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon. - 3. b, f. Prizing
something one values involves pride, happiness, and public affirmation, such as losing
weight or running a marathon. When choosing, one chooses freely from alternatives
after careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative, such as quitting
smoking and working fewer hours. Finally, the person who values something acts by
combining choice into one's behavior with consistency and regularity on the value, such
as joining a gym for the year and following a low-cholesterol diet faithfully.
4. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified five values that epitomize
the caring professional nurse. Which of these is best described as acting in accordance
with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice?
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity - 4. d. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing defines integrity as
acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of
practice. Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Autonomy is the
right to self-determination, and human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and
uniqueness of individuals and populations.
5. A professional nurse with a commitment to social justice is most apt to:
Provide honest information to patients and the public
Promote universal access to health care
Plan care in partnership with patients
Document care accurately and honestly - 5. b. The American Association of Colleges of
Nursing lists promoting universal access to health care as an example of social justice.
Providing honest information and documenting care accurately and honestly are
examples of integrity, and planning care in partnership with patients is an example of
autonomy.
6. When an older nurse complains to a younger nurse that nurses just aren't ethical
anymore, which reply reflects the best understanding of moral development?
NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3
, NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3
"Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my generation doesn't
value this enough to develop an ethical code."
"I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age and the ethics
are new!"
"Ethics is genetically determined ... it's like having blue or brown eyes. Maybe we're
evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had."
"I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting like this!" - 6. a.
The ability to be ethical, to make decisions, and to act in an ethically justified manner
begins in childhood and develops gradually
7. A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the home of a frail
elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in accordance with which of the
principles of bioethics?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence - 7. e. Nonmaleficence is defined as the obligation to prevent harm.
Autonomy is respect for another's right to make decisions, beneficence obligates us to
benefit the patient, justice obligates us to act fairly, and fidelity obligates us to keep our
promises.
8. A professional nurse committed to the principle of autonomy would be careful to:
Provide the information and support a patient needed to make decisions to advance
one's own interests
Treat each patient fairly, trying to give everyone his or her due
Keep any promises made to a patient or another professional caregiver
Avoid causing harm to a patient - 8. a. The principle of autonomy obligates nurses to
provide the information and support patients and their surrogates need to make
decisions that advance their interests. Acting with justice means giving each person his
or her due, acting with fidelity involves keeping promises to patients, and acting with
nonmaleficence means avoiding doing harm to patients.
9. Janie wants to call an ethics consult to clarify treatment goals for a patient no longer
able to speak for himself. She believes his dying is being prolonged painfully. She is
troubled when the patient's doctor tells her that she'll be fired if she raises questions
about his care or calls the consult. This is a good example of:
Ethical uncertainty
Ethical distress
Ethical dilemma
NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3
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