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NURS 350 Exam 4 latest
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NURS 350 Exam 4What is oliguria? - ANS Diminished urinary output in relation to fluid intake
What is uremia? - ANS A build-up of toxic and nitrogenous waste
Who is at high risk for chronic kidney disease?
Most often a complication of ___________ and _________
________ _______ have four times higher risk - ANS diabetes, hypertension, African Americans
What is hydronephrosis? - ANS A backflow of urine in the kidney that can potentially cause kidney
failure
- A fluid-filled, swollen kidney
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) typically arises from kidney __________, an insufficient blood supply to the
organ, and is often ____________. - ANS ischemia, reversible
What labs are used to monitor acute kidney injury?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. - ANS Urinalysis
Serum electrolytes
Serum Creatinine
BUN
Arterial blood gasses
CBC
,What is bilateral hydronephrosis? - ANS dilation or swelling of both kidneys due to a blockage or
obstruction preventing urine from properly draining into the bladder
What are renal calculi?
who is at risk?
s/s? - ANS - Kidney stones
- The condition is predominantly seen among Caucasian men and occurs most frequently between
ages 20 and 49, peaking between 35 and 45.
- flank pain that radiates into the groin, hematuria, and crystalluria
What can chronic kidney failure with hypertension and sodium water retention lead to - ANS Heart
failure
Normal levels for acid-base balance in blood: Normal ABG values
pH:
PCO2:
PO2:
HCO3: - ANS 1. 7.35-7.45
2. 35-45mm Hg
3. 90 to 100 mmHg
4. 22-26 mEq/L
How are minor changes in acid-base imbalance corrected in the body? - ANS Through the buffering
system and renal compensation
How could the Circle of Willis help patients? - ANS A circle of arteries at the base of the brain that
provides collateral circulation in the event that one of the major cerebral vascular routes should
occlude
, What are the primary signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? - ANS Decreased
level of consciousness, pupillary dilation, headache, vomiting, increased blood pressure,
papilledema, and increased CO2
What would you assess for in a patient with a skull fracture in relation to ICP? - ANS - Cranial nerves
- LOC
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Behavior changes
- pupillary dilation/response
- Changes in mental status
- motor function
What is aphasia? - ANS A language disorder whereby individuals are unable to speak or understand
the spoken word
- impairment of language, usually caused by Ischemic damage to the left hemisphere causing
damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
What is the cerebellum? - ANS Responsible for smooth coordinated movements and fine motor
activity. It also influences posture and balance/equilibrium.
What should you monitor in a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome? - ANS Respiratory function and
muscle weakness
What would you look for in a patient with a brain tumor? What are they at risk for? - ANS -Dull,
constant headaches with possible throbbing, usually bifrontal with worse pain on side with tumor.-
Headache, nausea, papilledema.
High carbon dioxide levels can increase intracranial pressure causing: - ANS - headache, nausea,
visual disturbances
- respiratory distress
- altered mental status
- cerebral vasodilation:
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