SolutionManualfor i i
Statisticsfor Nursing Rese
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archAWorkbook for Evide
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Based Practice3rd Edition
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Susan Grove Daisha
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, AnswerGuidelinesforQuestionstoBeGraded
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Measurement:Nominal,
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1
Theiquestionsiareiiniboldifollowedibyianswers.
1. IniTablei1,iidentifyitheileveliofimeasurementiforitheicurrentitherapyivariable.iProvideiairati
onaleiforiyourianswer.
Answer:iTheicurrentitherapyivariableiwasimeasurediatitheinominalilevel.iTheseidrugicategoriesiwe
reiprobablyidevelopeditoibeiexhaustiveiforithisistudyiandiincludeditheicategoriesiofidrugsitheisubjec
tsiwereireceiving.iHowever,itheicategoriesiareinotiexclusive,isinceipatientsiareiusuallyionimoreitha
nioneicategoryiofitheseidrugsitoimanageitheirihealthiproblems.iTheicurrentitherapiesiareinotimeasur
ediatitheiordinalilevelibecauseitheyicannotibeirankiordered,isinceinoidrugicategoryicanibeiconsideredi
moreiorilessibeneficialithanianotheridrugicategoryi(seeiFigurei1-1;iGrovei&iGray,i2019).
2. Whatiisitheimodeiforitheicurrentitherapyivariableiinithisistudy?iProvideiairationaleifori youri
answer.
Answer:iTheimodeiforicurrentitherapyiwasiβiblocker.iAitotaliofi100i(94%)iofitheicardiacipatients
werei receivingi thisi categoryi ofi drug,i whichi wasi thei mosti commoni prescribedi drugi fori thisisample.
3. WhatistatisticsiwereiconducteditoidescribeitheiBMIiofitheicardiacipatientsiinithisisample?iDis
cussiwhetheritheseianalysisitechniquesiwereiappropriateioriinappropriate.
Answer:iBMIiwasidescribediwithiaimeaniandistandardideviationi(SD).iBMIimeasurementiresultediinir
atio-levelidataiwithicontinuousivaluesiandianiabsoluteizeroi(Stonei&iFrazier,i2017).iRatio-
ilevelidataishouldibeianalyzediwithiparametricistatisticsisuchiasitheimeaniandiSDi(Grovei&iGray,i201
7;iKnapp,i2017).
4. Researchersiuseditheifollowingiitemitoimeasureiregisteredinurses’i(RNs)iincomeiiniaistudy:i Wha
ticategoryiidentifiesiyouricurrentiincomeiasianiRN?
a. Lessithani$50,000
b. $50,000itoi59,999
c. $60,000itoi69,999
d. $70,000itoi80,000
e. $80,000iorigreater
Whatileveliofimeasurementiisithisiincomeivariable?iDoesitheiincomeivariableifollowitheirulesi
outlinediiniFigurei1-1?iProvideiairationaleiforiyourianswer.
Answer:iInithisiexample,itheiincomeivariableiisimeasurediatitheiordinalilevel.iTheiincomeicatego-
iries i arei exhaustive,i rangingi fromi less i thani $50,000i toi greateri thani $80,000.i Thei twoi open-ended
AGi1-1
,AGi1-2 AnsweriGuidelinesiforiQuestionsitoiBeiGraded
categoriesiensureithatiallisalaryilevelsiareicovered.iTheicategoriesiareinotiexclusive,isinceicatego-
iriesi(d)iandi(e)iincludeiani$80,000isalary,isoistudyiparticipantsimakingi$80,000imightimarkieitheri
(d)iori(e)ioribothicategories,iresultingiinierroneousidata.iCategoryi(e)icouldibeichangedi toigreaterit
hani$80,000,imakingitheicategoriesiexclusive.iTheicategoriesicanibeirankiorderedifromitheilowesti
salaryitoitheihighestisalary,iwhichiisiconsistentiwithiordinalidatai(Grovei&iGray,i2019;iWaltzietial.,
i2017).
5. WhatileveliofimeasurementiisitheiCDSiscore?iProvideiairationaleiforiyourianswer.
Answer:iTheiCDSiscoreiisiatitheiintervalileveliofimeasurement.iTheiCDSiisiai26-
itemiLikertiscaleidevelopeditoimeasureidepressioniinicardiacipatients.iStudyiparticipantsiratedithei
risymp-
itomsioniaiscaleiofi1itoi7,iwithihigherinumbersiindicatingiincreasediseverityiinitheidepressionisymp
toms.iTheitotaliscoresiforieachisubjectiobtainedifromithisimulti-
itemiscaleiareiconsidereditoibeiatitheiintervalileveliofimeasurementi(Grayietial.,i2017;iWaltzietial.,i2
017).
5.i WereinonparametricioriparametricianalysisitechniquesiuseditoianalyzeitheiCDSiscoresiforithe
icardiac ipatientsiinithisistudy?iProvide iairationale iforiyour ianswer.
Answer:iParametricistatistics,isuchiasimeaniandiSD,iwereiconducteditoidescribeiCDSiscoresi forist
udyiparticipantsi(seeiTablei1).iCDSiscoresiareiinterval-
levelidataiasiindicatediiniQuestionsi5,isoiparametricistatisticsiareiappropriateiforithisileveliofidatai(G
rayietial.,i2017;iKimi&iMallory,i2017).
7.i IsitheiprevalenceiofidepressionilinkeditoitheiNYHAiclass?iDiscussitheiclinicaliimportanceiofit
hisiresult.
Answer:iTheistudyinarrativeiindicatedithatitheiprevalenceiofidepressioniincreasediwithitheigreateri
NYHAiclass.iIniNYHAiclassiIII,i64%iofitheisubjectsiwereidepressed,iwhereasi11%iofitheisubjectsiw
ereidepressediiniNYHAiclassiI.iThus,iasitheiNYHAiclassiincreased,itheinumberiofisub-
ijectsiwithidepressioniincreased.iThisiisianiexpectedifindingibecauseiasitheiNYHAiclassiincreases,icar
diacipatientsihaveimoreisevereiphysicalisymptoms,iwhichiusuallyiresultiiniemotionalidistress,isuchia
sidepression.iNursesineeditoiactivelyiassessicardiacipatientsiforidepression,iespeciallyithosei inihigheri
NYHAiclasses,isoitheyimightibeidiagnosedianditreatediasineeded.
8.i Whatifrequencyiandipercentioficardiacipatientsiinithisistudyiwereinotibeingitreatediwithiania
ntidepressant?iShowiyouricalculationsiandiroundiyouriansweritoitheinearestiwholeipercenti(
%).
Answer:i Ai totali ofi 106i cardiaci patientsi participatedi ini thisi study.i Thei samplei includedi 15i p
atientsi whoi werei receivingi ani antidepressanti (seei Tablei 1).i Thei numberi ofi cardiacipatientsi n
oti treatedi fori depressioni wasi 91i (106i –
i 15i =i91).i Thei groupi percenti isi calculatedibyi thei followingi formula:i (groupi frequencyi ÷ itotali
samplei size)i ×i100%.i Fori thisi study,i(91i patientsi ÷i106i samplei size)i ×i100%i =i0.858i ×i100
%i =i85.8%i =i86%.i Thei finaliansweri isi roundedi toi thei nearesti wholei percenti asi directedi ini the
i question.i Youi couldi haveialsoisubtractedithei14%iofipatientsitreatediwithiantidepressantsifromi1
00%iandiobtainedithei86%iwhoiwereinotitreatediwithianiantidepressant.
t.i Whatiwasitheipurposeiofithei5-
minuteiwalkitesti(5MWT)?iWouldithei5MWTibeiusefuliiniclinicalipractice?
Answer:iHaietial.i(2018)istated,i“Thei6-
miniwalkitesti(6MWT)iisiaimeasureiofitheisubmaximal,isteady-
stateifunctionalicapacity”ioficardiacipatients.iThisitestiwouldibeiaiquick,ieasyiwayitoideterminei ai c
ardiaci patient’si functionali statusi ini ai clinicali setting.i Thisi functionali statusiscorei couldi bei use
di toi determinei thei treatmenti plani toi promotei ori maintaini functionali statusioficardiacipatients.
, AnsweriGuidelinesiforiQuestionsitoiBeiGraded AGi1-3
10.i Howiwasiexerciseiconfidenceimeasurediinithisistudy?iWhatiwasitheileveliofimeasurementiforit
heiexerciseiconfidenceivariableiinithisistudy?iProvideiairationaleiforiyourianswer.iAnswer:iE
xerciseiconfidenceiofitheipatientsiwithiheartifailurei(HF)iinithisistudyiwasimeasurediwithitheiExerci
seiConfidenceiScaleithatiincludedifourisubscalesifocusedioniwalking,iclimbing,iliftingiobjectsiofigr
adediweight,iandirunningi(seeitheistudyinarrative).iThisiwasiairatingiscaleiwithivaluesirangingifro
mi0itoi100.iTheipatients’iscoresiforitheiTotaliExerciseiConfidenceiscaleianditheisubscalesiwereicons
iderediinterval-
levelidataiandianalyzediwithiparametricistatistics,isuchiasimeansiandiSDsi(seeitheistudyinarrative;i
Waltzietial.,i2017).
