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MBY 251 Theme 3 Lectures 3 & 4 Exam Latest Update
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MBY 251 Theme 3 Lectures 3 & 4Exam Latest Update
Macronutrients - Answer Nutrients required in large amounts
What are examples of Macronutrients - Answer H, N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca and Na.
Micronutrients - Answer Nutrients required in small amounts
What are the two types of Micronutrients? - Answer Metals and Growth Factors
What are the Main Elements in living systems? - Answer Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Sulphur and Selenium
What are examples of Macromolecules? - Answer Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids and
Polysacchorides
What is the most abundant Macromolecule in the body? - Answer Proteins
Is DNA or RNA more abundant in cells? - Answer RNA is more abundant
In which Organic Compounds is Carbon Found? - Answer Amino acids, fatty acids,
organic acids and nitrogen bases
What percentage of a bacterial cell consists of Nitrogen? - Answer 13%
In which molecules is Nitrogen a key element? - Answer Proteins and Nucleic Acids
What is the role of Phosphor (P) in Cells? - Answer Used in Nucleic acid and
phospholipid synthesis
What is the role of Sulphur (S) in Cells? - Answer Found in Amino acids and Vitamins
What is the role of Potassium (K) in Cells? - Answer Needed for enzymic activity
What is the role of Magnesium (Mg) in Cells? - Answer It stabilizes membranes,
ribosomes and nucleic acids. It is also required for enzymic acitivity.
What is the role of Calcium (Ca) in Cells? - Answer Stabilizes cell walls and provides
heat stability to endospores
What is the role of Sodium (Na) in Cells? - Answer Required for growth of some microbes
What is the role of Iron (Fe) in a Cell? - Answer Cellular Respiration
How do Siderophores attain Iron? - Answer Bind Iron from minerals and transport it into
, the cell
What are examples of Growth Factors? - Answer Vitamins, amino acids, purines and
pyrimidines
What do Transport Proteins do? - Answer They accumulate solutes against the
concentration gradient
How do transport proteins affect the rate of solute entry? - Answer The increase the rate
of solute entry
What are Properties of Transport Proteins? - Answer 1. Show a Saturation effect
2. Have high Specifcity
3. Synthesis is regulated by the cell
What is a Saturation Effect? - Answer Saturation is a combination of two distinct but
related effects. Allows two effects to happen in tandom.
What are the 3 Transport Mechanisms in Prokaryotes? - Answer 1. Simple Transport
2. Group Transport
3. ABC Transport.
What is Simple Transport in Prokaryotes? - Answer The movement of a substance into
the cell that is driven by the energy of a proton motive force. ie uses H+ as energy.
What is Group Transport in Prokaryotes? - Answer The movement of a substance into
the cell that chemically modifies the transported substance using phosphoenolpyruvate.
What is ABC Transport in Prokaryotes? - Answer The movement of a substances into the
cell that involves periplasmic binding proteins and uses ATP as the energy source
What does the channel formed in Simple Transport consist of? - Answer 12 α-helices
What are the Three mechanisms of Simple Transport? - Answer 1. Uniporter
2. Antiporter
3. Symporter
What is a Uniporter? - Answer Transports one substance in one direction
What is an Antiporter? - Answer Transports 2 substances in opposite directions
What is a Symporter? - Answer Transports 2 substances in the same direction
What is Group Translocation? - Answer A transport process that uses energy to
chemically alter the substrate during its transport
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