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MBY 251 Theme 4- Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms Exam Study Guide
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MBY 251 Theme 4- MetabolicDiversity of Microorganisms
Exam Study Guide
Calvin Cycle function - Answer to convert ATP into sugars
carboxysomes - Answer polyhedral cell inclusions inclusions produced by Calvin Cycle
autotrophs.100 nm in diameter, surrounded by a thin, protein shell and consist of a
crystalline array of 250 RubisCO molecules
Rubisco enzyme - Answer Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase. Catalyzes the formation of
two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) from ribulose bisphosphate and CO2.
reverse citric acid cycle - Answer Reductive TCA Cycle.
tetrapyrroles - Answer Pyrroles are a five-atom ring with four carbon atoms and one
nitrogen atom.Tetrapyrroles are a class of chemical compounds that contain four
pyrrole or pyrrole-like rings. The pyrrole/pyrrole derivatives are linked by (=(CH)- or
-CH2- units), in either a linear or a cyclic fashion.
How chlorophylls differ from cytochromes - Answer Cytochromes contain an Fe-atom in
its centre, but chlorophylls contain a central Magnesium atom in the ring.
prochlorophytes contain... - Answer ... chlorophyll a and b
cyanobacteria contain... - Answer ....chlorophyll a (a few species contain chlorophyll d)
At low light concentrations purple bacteria can still grow well due to their chlorosomes,
which effectively harvest photons for energy. - Answer
chlorosomes are present in..... - Answer anoxygenic green sulfur bacteria, filamentous
anoxygenic phototrophs and photosynthetic Acidobacteria.
carotenoids - Answer Accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of colors that can
drive photosynthesis and absorbs harmful forms of oxygen to prevent dangerous
photooxidations.
Phycobiliproteins - Answer Photosynthetic pigments that are the main light-harvesting
systems in cyanobacteria and red algae and is composed of proteins attached to linear
tetrapyrroles, called bilins.
Phycobilisomes - Answer Aggregates of phycobilisomes
, cetogenesis - Answer energy metabolism in which acetate is produced from either H2
plus CO2 or from organic compounds
Anaerobic respiration - Answer use of an electron acceptor other than O2 in an electron
transport-based oxidation leading to a proton motive force
Anammox - Answer anoxic ammonia oxidation
Anoxygenic photosynthesis - Answer photosynthesis in which O2 is not produced
Antenna pigments - Answer light-harvesting chlorophylls or bacteriochlorophylls in
photocomplexes that funnel energy to the reaction center
Autotroph - Answer an organism that uses CO2 as its sole carbon source
Bacteriochlorophyll - Answer the chlorophyll pigment of anoxygenic phototrophs
Calvin cycle - Answer the biochemical pathway for CO2 fixation in many autotrophic
organisms
Carboxysomes - Answer crystalline inclusions of RubisCO
Carotenoid - Answer a hydrophobic accessory pigment present along with chlorophyll in
photosynthetic membranes
Chlorophyll a - Answer light-sensitive, Mg-containing porphyrin of phototrophic
organisms that initiates the process of photophosphorylation
Chlorosome a - Answer cigar-shaped structure present in the periphery of cells of green
sulfur and green nonsulfur bacteria and containing the antenna bacteriochlorophylls (c,
d, or e)
Denitrification - Answer anaerobic respiration in which NO3 or NO2 is reduced to
nitrogen gases, primarily N2
Dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle - Answer an autotrophic pathway found in
certain Archaea
Fermentation - Answer anaerobic catabolism of an organic compound in which the
compound serves as both an electron donor and an electron acceptor and in which ATP
is usually produced by substrate-level phosphorylation
Heterofermentative - Answer producing a mixture of products, typically lactate, ethanol,
and CO2, from the fermentation of glucose
Homofermentative - Answer producing only lactic acid from the fermentation of glucose
Hydrogenase - Answer an enzyme, widely distributed in anaerobic microorganisms,
capable of oxidizing or evolving H2
3-Hydroxypropionate bi-cycle - Answer an autotrophic pathway found in
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