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Theories Of Personality Exam 2 Solution
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Theories Of Personality Exam 2 Solution
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Theories Of Personality Exam 2 SolutionErikson's theory is a developmental theory, so it describes people by: Answer: -identifying the
developmental stages that a person has experienced and suggesting whether growth was healthy or
left personality flaws.
According to Erikson's theory, what is the developmental issue that prevails in adolescence?
Answer: -Identity; typically involves career choice and racial identity issues.
Erikson based his understanding of development on the: Answer: -Epigenetic principle:
'anything that grows has a ground plan, and that out of this ground plan the parts arise, each part
having its time of special ascendancy, until all parts have arisen to form a functioning whole.' This
principle applies to the physical development before birth to psychological development throughout
life.
How does Erikson's psychosocial stages differ from Freud's psychosexual approach? Answer: -
Life span approach
-Psychosocial: offered as an alternative to Freud's psychosexual approach.
-Emphasizes social interactions, culture and trust.
What happens during and after each stage of Erikson's psychosocial approach? Answer: -Each
stage involves a crisis, developmental turning point, and conflict centers on a distinctive issue.
-Out of each crisis emerges an ego strength or virtue each strength develops in relation to an
opposite.
-In healthy development there is a larger ratio of the strength than of the weaknesses.
-Strengths develop in relationships with significant people.
Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages are associated with childhood? Answer: -Stage 1-4
,Describe Stage 1: Trust vs Mistrust of Erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -During the first
year of life.
-Trust; The sense that others are dependable and will provide what is needed. (Good parenting)
-Incorporative mode: takes in the world including all sensory stimulation.
-Mutually occurs.
-Some mistrust is useful.
Describe Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt of Erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -
Second year of life.
-Issues of control (such as walking, toilet training, etc.) and control in interpersonal relationships.
-Mode: Holding and letting go.
-Needs support of adults.
Describe Stage 3: Initiative vs guilt of Erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -4-5 years old
-Child is making choices about what kind of person to be based on identifications with parents.
-Erikson agreed with Freud that children are interested in sexuality and sex differences while
developing a conscience.
-Intrusive mode: physically and verbally intrude in others' space.
Describe Stage 4: Industry vs Inferiority of Erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -School-age
(remainder of childhood through puberty)
-Learns to win recognition by producing things.
-Can achieve satisfaction and develop perseverance or fails to obtain recognition and a sense of
inferiority prevails.
-Teachers are especially important because developments happens mostly in schools.
, Describe Stage 5: Identity vs Identity Confusion of Erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -
Adolescence
-Identity Crisis most well known concept.
-Answer the question 'Who am I?'
-Exploring career opportunities
-Moratorium period (adolescent is free of commitments to be able to explore identity.
-Identity confusion: coherent identities cannot be achieved in a reasonable time.
-Negative identity: identity based on socially devalued roles.
-Identity foreclosure: an identity is accepted without adequate exploration.
Describe Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation of Erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -Psychological
intimacy cannot occur until individual identity has been established.
-Unresolved conflict leads to isolation and self-absorption.
-Crisis is experienced through social role of marriage.
-Spouse doesn't have to be the only sources in helping resolve this stage.
Describe Stage 7: Generativity vs Stagnation of erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -Interest
in establishing and guiding the next generation.
-Expressed through the role of parenting.
-Teaching or mentorship can substitute for parenting.
-Stagnation: not able to be fully involved in caring for others in a nurturing way.
Describe Stage 8: Integrity vs Despair of Erikson's psychosocial stages. Answer: -Integrity: being
able to look back on one's life and accept it as meaningful.
-Despair and unwillingness to accept death can develop if crisis not resolved.
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