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Nr511 midterm review differential diagnosi
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9/14/24, 11:42 Nr511 midterm review differentialAM diagnosis
NR 511 MIDTERM REVIEW
NR 511 MIDTERM REVIEW
•
Actinic keratosis: pre-cancerous lesion. The main assessment technique is INSPECTION, which
will show as flesh colored, hard and sand paper like.
▪
TX: cryotherapy
o
Risk factor: sun exposure, can progress to squamous cell carcinoma
o
Referrer pt to dermatology to prevent progression
•
Fungal skin infection: assess rash and satellite lesions.
o
DX: based on clinical presentation, most common is candida albicans
o
Tx: antifungal cream, pills, keep area as dry as possible. The fungus likes moisture and poor
air circulation
o
At risk: opportunistic, pts who are immunocompromised, older and younger pts, diabetics,
and antibiotic therapy.
o
Refer patient if there's no improvement
•
Common types of fungal infections:
o
Tinea vesicolor: flat to slightly elevated brown papules and plaques that scale when they
are rubbed along with areas of hypopigmentation, pruritic, most commonly found on
trunk and shoulders.
o
Balanitis: candidiasis in the glands of the penis
o
Tinea corporis: annual lesions with scaly borders and central clearing on the trunk
o
Tinea pedis: athlete's foot, and between toes
o
Tinea cruis: jock-itch groin
•
Bacterial skin infections: warm, red, painful w/o sharply demarcated border
o
Cellulitis: is a spreading infection of the epidermis and sub-cut tissue that usually begins after
a break in the skin.
o
Folliculitis: bacterial infection of the hair follicle, papules are characteristics of folliculitis
•
Viral skin infections
o
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) erythematous, warm rash, gives the appearance
of slapped cheeks. Sore throat, slight fever, upset stomach, headache, fatigue, and
itching. Resolves on its own.
o
Varicella rash: contagious 48 hours before the onset of the vesicular rash, during the
rash formation and during the several days it takes the vesicles to dry up.
Characteristics rash appears 2-3 weeks after exposure.
o
Warts: caused by the human papillomavirus, most warts recur despite treatment. Contrary
to popular opinion, warts do not have roots, the underside of a wart is smooth and round.
Abrading the skin can spread the virus, vigorous rubbing, shaving, and nail biting can do the
same.
•
Skin inflammations:
o
Pityriasis rosea: common, self-limiting, usually asymptomatic eruption with a distinct initial
lesion. This "HERALD PATCH", which appears suddenly and without symptoms, usually is on
the chest or back.
▪ Secondary lesions appear 1-2 wks later while the herald patch remains.
▪ The collarette scaling is another classic symptom of pityriasis rosea.
▪ The lesions usually resolve suddenly in 4-12wks w/o scarring.
▪ Outbreaks are known to occur in close quarters like military barracks or dormitories.
o
Hives: look at the location of the rash, the first step is to determine the need for
epinephrine. Look for respiratory symptoms, SOB, hoarseness, look at location. If the rash
is on the neck, face- admin epinephrine.
o
Cholinergic urticaria: hives or wheals that are pruritic and occur on the trunk and arms
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,9/14/24, 11:42 Nr511 midterm review differential
AM diagnosis
NR 511 MIDTERM REVIEW
following exercise, anxiety, elevated body temp. hot bath and showers.
Hx taking about when the rash started is important for dx
about:blan 2/143
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,9/14/24, 11:42 Nr511 midterm review differential
AM diagnosis
about:blan 3/143
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, 9/14/24, 11:42 Nr511 midterm review differential
AM diagnosis
NR 511 MIDTERM REVIEW
than air conduction, so the patient will report the bone conduction sound longer than the air conduction.
about:blan 4/143
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