How Children Develop 5e & Launchpad for How Children Develop 5th edition By Robert S. Siegler , Jenny Saffran
How Children Develop 5e & Launchpad for How Children Develop 5th edition By Robert S. Siegler , Jenny Saffran
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Test Bank For How Children Develop 5e & Launchpad
for How Children Develop 5th edition By Robert S.
Siegler , Jenny Saffran
Genome - ANSWER: the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of
all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
Scientific Method - ANSWER: A series of steps followed to solve problems including
collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating
conclusions.
Reliability - ANSWER: The degree to which independent measurements of a given
behavior are consistent
Interrater reliability - ANSWER: Amount of agreement between different
raters who witnessthe same behavior
Test-retest reliability - ANSWER: Degree of similarity of a child's performance
on two or more occasions
Validity - ANSWER: The degree to which a test measures what
It is intended to measure
Internal validity - ANSWER: The degree to which effects observed within experiments
can be attributed to the factor that the researcher is testing
external validity - ANSWER: The degree to which results can be generalized beyond
the particulars of the research
Structured interview - ANSWER: A research procedure in which all participants are
asked the same questions
Clinical interview - ANSWER: A procedure in which questions are adjusted in accord
with answers the interviewee provides
Naturalistic observation - ANSWER: Examination of ongoing behavior in an
environment not controlled by the researcher: unobtrusively in the background
structured observation - ANSWER: Presenting situations that will elicit a response to
the hypothesis and seeing how different children will react
Cognitive Development - ANSWER: study of how children acquire the ability to learn,
think, reason, communicate, and remember.
One of Piaget's four stages
, Continuous development - ANSWER: the idea that changes with age occur gradually,
in small increments, like that of a pine tree growing taller and taller
Control group - ANSWER: in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment;
contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the
effect of the treatment
Correlation - ANSWER: A measure or connection of the relationship between two
variables
Correlational designs - ANSWER: studies intended to indicate how two variables are
related to each other
Determine if children who differ in one variable also differ in predictable ways in
other varialbles.
Cross-sectional design - ANSWER: research design that examines people of different
ages at a single point in time
Cumulative risk - ANSWER: the addition of one risk factor to another, increasing the
chance of harm or loss
The greatest obstacle to poor children's successful development.
Dependent variable - ANSWER: The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
The change in a subject is dependent on the studied Independent variable.
direction-of-causation problem - ANSWER: it is not possible to tell from a correlation
which variable is the cause and which is the effect
discontinuous development - ANSWER: view that development takes place in unique
stages, which happen at specific times or ages
Epigenetics - ANSWER: the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of
gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
experimental control - ANSWER: the ability of researchers to determine the specific
experiences that children have during the course of an experiment
effortful attention - ANSWER: voluntary control of emotions and thoughts
Inhibiting impulse and focusing attention
Amygdala - ANSWER: A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion,
particularly fear and aggression.
experimental design - ANSWER: A design in which researchers manipulate an
independent variable and measure a dependent variable to determine a cause-and-
effect relationship
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