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ITWD 3120 C777 WEB DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION NOTES COMPLETE WESTERN GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY
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ITWD 3120 C777 WEB DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION NOTES COMPLETE WESTERN GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY
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ITWD 3120 C777 WEBDEVELOPMENT APPLICATION
NOTES COMPLETE WESTERN
GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY
,C777 Notes
Responsive design describes the ability to create pages that respond to user screen size and work in
multiple environments.
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript as a group are sometimes called the HTML5 family or Web development
trifecta.
HTML5 Markup language used for structuring and describing Web page content
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Style sheet language that provides the formatting and look of a Webpage
Javascript Scripting language that provides dynamic, interactive capabilities to Web pages
HTML Hypertext Markup Language is the markup language that defines page structure, hyperlinks,
graphics and more to enable pages to render in Web browsers and other devices. The W3C regulates
the development of HTML and CSS standards.
HTML 4.01 Transitional- allowed developers to insert formatting using either CSS or traditional layout
instructions.
HTML 4.01 Strict - required the separation of presentation and content. Deprecated tags were
disallowed and generated validation errors.
HTML 4.01 Frameset- required for pages that used HTML frames, which placed Web pages inside each
others to create separate panes in the browser window.
You specify the flavor of HTML by using a document type (<!DOCTYPE>) declaration.
XHTML- Extensible HTML is a version that incorporates the strict syntax rules of Extensible Markup
Language (XML) with the existing set of HTML 4.01 tags to create Web documents.
HTML5 is the latest version of HTML under development. Provides modern design techniques
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) technology determines how to display HTML elements in your Web pages.
HTML5 Structure Elements
• <header> defines the top of the webpage
• <main> defines the main content of the document body.
• <nav> defines an area for navigation links
• <section> defines portions or areas of a document as necessary. Can group element types.
• <article> defines site content accompanying the main content
• <aside> defines content that is aside from or additional to the main article content
• <footer> defines the bottom of the Web page.
Code validation is the process of checking your code to verify that it complies with the syntax rules. The
best Code Validator is the W3C Markup Validation Service. The validator reads the <!DOCTYPE>
declaration.
Good web page coding makes sure content is rendered appropriately regardless of the browser.
The <video> element
• <video> element Defines a video to embed in the Web page
• Width and height attributes Specify the width and height (in pixels) of the video window)
• Controls attribute Adds video controls such as play, pause, rewind and volume controls.
• Poster attribute Identifies an image to be displayed until play button is clicked or downloading.
• <source> element Defines the media resource. Different types of media can be declared.
• Src attribute identifies the location and file name of the media resource
• Type attribute identifies the format, or MIME type, of the video (Mp4, WebM, and Ogg)
, • Text Text enclosed in the <video> element will appear on the page if the browser or device
can’t support video.
The <audio> element
HTML5 has introduced the <audio> element to provide developers with a standard method to
embed audio into web pages.
Supports, MP3, WAV, and Off format. (Chrome supports all 3, IE10 only MP3, Safari no OGG and
Firefox/Opera no mp3
• Loop=”loop” Specifies that the audio or video file will play over and over again with stopping.
• Autoplay=”autoplay” Specifies that the video will automatically play immediately upon
loading.
Canvas provides a bitmap space.
Canvas and other API’s user fewer resources than a plug-in does (such as battery power/CPU
memory
Cascading Style Sheets is a Web design technology that enables developers to determine how the HTML
elements in their Web pages will display, giving a page or entire site a particular “look and feel”.
CSS instructions can be :
• Applied inline to individual HTML elements on an HTML page
• Embedded within an HTML page to affect all specified elements on that page.
• Collected in an external file that is linked to multiple HTML pages.
External Style Sheets
An external CSS file or style sheet is a text file that contains CSS formatting instructions to define the
font, color, and position of elements used on any markup page(s) to which you attach the style sheets.
CSS benefits include:
Style Guides – A style guide or style manual is a set of standards for writing and/or design of documents.
Many companies create their own CSS style guides. Google and Wordpress make them available to the
public. Some tips:
CSS versions
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS1) – governs the basic structure of style sheets
• Cascading Style Sheets 2 (CSS2) - adds more capabilities to the CSS1 specification, including the
ability to support media types and work with tables.
• Cascading Style Sheets 3 (CSS3) - provides a modularized standard so that when changes must
be made to a style, only a particular module within CSS3 will need to be updated rather than the
entire standard.
HTML5 uses CSS1, CSS2, and CSS3. HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 used CSS1 and CSS2
HTML5 is not supported by IE8 or earlier. XP can’t run IE9 which supports HTML5.
Script for enabling HTML5 elements for older IE browsers. – One solution is to implement a script
developed by Remy Sharp. The technique of using Javascript to for IE to acknowledge new HTML5
elements is sometimes called the HTML5 shiv.
Important CSS terms
• Selector- refers to any element to which designated styles are applied
• Property
• Value
• Declaration- consists of a property and its value
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