CNS Inflammation Response Exam Questions and Answers.
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Course
Biochemistry
Institution
Biochemistry
risk factors - Answersageing(main factor- ageing brain leads to neuroinflammation)
environmental (includes gut brain axis and pathogens entering)
genetic (familial) or sporadic origin causing protein mis-folding
-mutations and stuff
what does neuroinflammation lead to - Answersdepression
neuro...
CNS Inflammation Response Exam Questions and Answers.
risk factors - Answersageing(main factor- ageing brain leads to neuroinflammation)
environmental (includes gut brain axis and pathogens entering)
genetic (familial) or sporadic origin causing protein mis-folding
-mutations and stuff
what does neuroinflammation lead to - Answersdepression
neurodegeneration
dementia
vascular components that lead to induction of neuroinflammation - Answers-Stroke
-Aneurisms
-Transient ischemic attack
small vessel diseases leading to induction of neuroinflamamtion - AnswersSmall Vessel Diseases
-Hypertension
-Atherosclerosis
-Diabetes
Protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases examples - Answersalzhiemers (amyloid beta and tau)
parkinsons (alpha synuclien)
ALS
Huntingtons
are there disease preventing treatments for neuroinflammation? - Answersno
what did past efforts to treat neuroinflammation focus on? - AnswersPast efforts focused on removal of
misfolded protein and modulating ACh and Glut transmission
however
Neuroinflammation - a cause as well as consequence
microglia response to Amyloid beta build up - Answersdegrade amyloid beta via phagocytosis also induce
cytotoxicity when activated for too long
=dual function
, what phenotype is microglia resting state? - AnswersM0
what induce a change in microglia function/behaviour - Answerscytokines
what are the two different pathways of activation where resting microglia can be transformed into
different states? - Answersclassical pathway
alternate activation
CLASSICAL pathway
pro inflammation or anti-inflammation? - Answerstransform microglia into M1 state
activated microglia PRO-INFAMMATION- M1
cause and induce neuronal inflammation
eventually become neurotoxic when been activated for too long
release cytokines/cytotoxic chemicals
TNF-alpha IL1beta IL6
other molecules like ROS and NO involved in cytotoxicity of M1 microglia
=pro inflammatory cytotoxic function
ALTERNATE ACTIVATION pathway - AnswersM2 ANTI-INFLAMMATION phenotype produced in response
to cytokines IL4, IL3
=neuroprotective state
molecules associated with M1 microglia - AnswersNFKB1 NFKB2 and NOS2
-NF-κB pathway activated
-In M1 microglia, NOS2 is upregulated in response to pro-inflammatory signals
balance between M1 and M2 state is crucial in what function? - Answersneuronal/brain function!!
what does it mean to have more M1 phenotype? - Answersinflammatory cytokines
cytotoxic function, defence against pathogens and tumour cell
loss of neurons (if actions prolonged)
IL-1beta TNF-alpha, STAT3, IL-6 =pro inflammatory cytokines produced
ROS
more M2 phenoty[e - AnswersAnti-inflammatory properties
promotes tissue remodelling/repair
angiogenesis
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