Classical Conditioning
a type of learning in which associations are formed between two stimuli that occur sequentially in time.
Conditioned stimulus (CS), Unconditioned stimulus (UCS), Conditioned response (CR), Unconditioned response (UCR)
What are the 4 components of classical conditioni...
Classical Conditioning - ANSWER- a type of learning in which associations are
formed between two stimuli that occur sequentially in time.
Conditioned stimulus (CS), Unconditioned stimulus (UCS), Conditioned response
(CR), Unconditioned response (UCR) - ANSWER- What are the 4 components of
classical conditioning?
Conditioned stimulus (CS) - ANSWER- an environmental event whose
significance is learned through classical conditioning.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) - ANSWER- a stimulus that elicits a response
without any prior experience.
Conditioned response (CR) - ANSWER- a response learned through classical
conditioning.
Unconditioned response (UCR) - ANSWER- a response to an unconditioned
stimulus that requires no previous experience.
Generalization - ANSWER- the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to
an original conditioned stimulus.
Discrimination - ANSWER- a learned ability to distinguish between stimuli.
Habituation - ANSWER- a simple form of learning in which reactions to repeated
stimuli that are unchanging and harmless decrease.
Extinction - ANSWER- the reduction of a learned response; in classical
conditioning, occurs when the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the
, conditioned stimulus; in operant conditioning, occurs when the consequence no
longer follows the learned behavior.
Spontaneous recovery - ANSWER- during extinction training, the reappearance of
conditioned responses after periods of rest.
Higher order (i.e., second order) conditioning - ANSWER- learning in which
stimuli associated with a conditioned stimulus also elicit conditioned responding.
Biological preparedness - ANSWER- the idea that people and animals are
inherently inclined to form associations between certain stimuli and responses.
Operant conditioning - ANSWER- a type of learning in which associations are
formed between behaviors and their outcomes.
Thorndike's Law of Effect - ANSWER- the idea that the outcome shapes the
behavior.
Positive reinforcement - ANSWER- a method for increasing behaviors by
providing a desired outcome.
Negative reinforcement - ANSWER- a method for increasing behaviors that allow
an organism to escape or avoid an unpleasant consequence.
Positive punishment - ANSWER- a consequence that eliminates or reduces the
frequency of a behavior by applying an aversive stimulus.
Negative punishment - ANSWER- a method for reducing behaviors by removing
something desirable whenever the target behavior occurs.
Operant conditioning - ANSWER- a type of learning in which associations are
formed between behaviors and their outcomes.
Primary reinforcer - ANSWER- a type of reinforcer that is effective due to its
natural role in survival, such as food.
Conditioned reinforcer - ANSWER- a reinforcer that gains value from being
associated with other things that are valued. Also known as a secondary
reinforcer.
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