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COMD 5070 Final exam study guide with complete solutions

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  • COMD 5070

COMD 5070 Final exam study guide with complete solutions 4 Types of science - Answer️️ -1. Empirical 2. Deterministic 3. Predictive 4. Persimonious Empirical - Answer️️ -Based on data Deterministic - Answer️️ -Obeys physical laws/not random. Follows rules of cause and effect. P...

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  • September 13, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • COMD 5070
  • COMD 5070
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COMD 5070 Final exam study guide with
complete solutions


4 Types of science - Answer✔️✔️-1. Empirical


2. Deterministic

3. Predictive

4. Persimonious

Empirical - Answer✔️✔️-Based on data

Deterministic - Answer✔️✔️-Obeys physical laws/not random.

Follows rules of cause and effect.

Predictive - Answer✔️✔️-If you do this--> this will happen.

Extrapolate information to apply to other situations not experienced yet.

Persimonious - Answer✔️✔️--Use simplest explanation possible

-boil it down to essence

-described in economical terms

Semitones - Answer✔️✔️-1. Each semitone is nonlinear step as you go from low to high

frequency



2. Each step up is bigger than last one (about 5.9% higher frequency)




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3. No two semitones are physically identical (Hz) (they sound identical because the

human perceptual system is nonlinear)

-ex: stairs become increasingly larger so it becomes difficult to climb them: you don't

notice the difference in each step at first



* Think about difference limens and how they increase as frequency goes up

+When in the low range you can hear small differences, only a few Hz apart.

+As you get to the high end the difference limens are greater.

+The difference in Hz also matches our auditory perceptual abilities nicely.

How many semitones are in an octave? - Answer✔️✔️-12

How many Hz are in a octave? - Answer✔️✔️-*Hz doubles in octaves.

(a note at 220 Hz moved up an octave would have a frequency at 440 Hz)

Sampling rate - Answer✔️✔️--higher sampling rate requires bigger file size because it

needs more memory, more disk space for storage, and requires more computation time.



-higher sampling rate gives a better sounding recording with better fidelity.



-Nyquist is ½ sampling rate and highest frequency reproduced,

-meaning sampling rate must be twice the rate of highest frequency signal.



-If you want a 100 Hz sample --> sample at 200 Hz.



-Implementing Nyquist also eliminates aliasing


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Higher sampling rate - Answer✔️✔️-1. gives better fidelity

2. requires bigger files

-More memory usage

-More disk space for storage

-More processing time for computation

Decision: how much is adequate?

The Nyquist Frequency - Answer✔️✔️-• Nyquist is half sample rate

• Highest frequency you can reproduce

• Sample at twice the rate of highest frequency in a signal

• Data up to 100 Hz --> sample at 200 Hz

• Data to 5 kHz ---> sample at 10 kHz

Decision for sampling rate involves the Nyquist Frequency - Answer✔️✔️-1. Find out

frequencies that are of interest to your purpose

-Ex: if you want 10 kHz, double number and choose sample frequency 20 kHz

- CDs sample rate is 44.1 kHz (44,100 samples/second)

- Sounds played from CD can go up to 22,050 Hz (Nyquist frequency)

- 22,050 corresponds to most people's hearing capacity.

Sampling rate devices - Answer✔️✔️--devices that allow to choose playback qualities at

highest quality rate result in shortest amount of recording time because finite amount of

memory within device.



-For a longer recording you would need to settle for a slightly lower quality of sound

recorded.

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