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gi pathologies Exam 2024 | QUESTIONS with 100% Solutions Rated A+
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gi pathologies Exam 2024 | QUESTIONS with 100%Solutions Rated A+
Gastric and duodenal ulcers are more often than not due to ....
H. Pylori
What are the two cytotoxins H Pylori releases?
CagA and VacA
Which cytotoxin released by H pylori breaks down the protective mucus barrier?
CagA
Chronic H Pylori gastritis causes increased risk for..
MALT lymphoma and. Peptic ulcers
H. Pylori is a risk factor for....
Gastritis
Peptic ulcers
gastric adenocarcinoma
MALT lymphoma
What is used to treat H. Pylori? (3)
amoxicillin (metronidazole if penicillin allergy) + clarithromycin + proton pump inhibitor
How can H. pylori survive in the acidic atmosphere of the stomach?
Urease produces ammonia, creating an alkaline environment, which helps H pylori survive
in acidic mucosa.
How is H. pylori transmitted?
fecal-oral route, contaminated food or directly as a result of direct contact with poop vomit or
saliva
Does H pylori invade the stomach? Why/why not?
No, it sits on top of mucosa. Does not invade epithelium
More often than not, chronic gastritis. Is due to ..... only other cause is ....
H pylori, autoimmunity
Chronic H. PYLORI gastritis is referred to as type ....... Gastritis
, Type B (bacterial)
What type of staining reveals H pylori?
Silver and gram staining of mucosa
Proton pump inhibitors may give a ..... test result of H pylori infection
False negative
How does H pylori cause ulcers?
H pylori releases the cytotoxin VacA which causes epithelial cell death = this is linked to
ulcer formation
Microbiology of GI tract
Acute vs Chronic pancreatitis
Acute = inflammatiion of the pancreas with biochemical associations of increased amylase
and raised lipase enzymes on blood test.
Chronic = This is where the structural integrity of the pancreas is permanently altered as
a direct result of chronic inflammation.
Signs and symptoms both acute and chronic pancreatitis share
Pain in the epigastric region that radiates to the back
Sitting forward helps relieve the pain
Signs and symptoms associated strictly with acute and chronic
Acute = vomiting, nausea, anorexia, bruising
Chronic = reoccurrence, worse when eating/drinking heavily
Causes of acute pancreatitis
GET SMASHED
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Scorpion sting
Mumps
Autoimmune disease
Steriods
Hyperlipidemia/hypercalcaemia
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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