Gray's Anatomy for Students 4th Edition By Richard L. Drake; A. Wayne Vogl; Adam W. M. Mitchell
Gray's Anatomy for Students 4th Edition By Richard L. Drake; A. Wayne Vogl; Adam W. M. Mitchell
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Test Bank For Gray's Anatomy for Students 4th Edition
By Richard L. Drake; A. Wayne Vogl; Adam W. M.
Mitchell
Regional Approach - ANSWER:A method of studying anatomy that considers each
region of the body in isolation.
Systemic Approach - ANSWER:A method of studying anatomy where the body is
studied system by system (i.e., cardiovascular, nervous, etc.)
Coronal Plane - ANSWER:An anatomical plane dividing the body into anterior (front)
and posterior (back) halves.
Sagittal Plane - ANSWER:An anatomical plane that divides the body into left and right
halves.
Median Sagittal Plane - ANSWER:The specific sagittal plane that passes through the
midline of the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves.
Transverse Plane - ANSWER:An anatomical plane that divides the body into superior
(upper) and inferior (lower) halves. Also known as a Horizontal Plane.
Horizontal Plane - ANSWER:Another term for the transverse plane. It divides the
body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.
Axial Plane - ANSWER:Another term for the transverse plane. It divides the body into
upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.
Anterior (Ventral) - ANSWER:Pertaining to the front, or forward-facing side, of the
body.
Posterior (Dorsal) - ANSWER:Pertaining to the back, or rear-facing side, of the body.
Medial - ANSWER:Referring to the midline of the body; closer to the middle.
Lateral - ANSWER:Away from the midline of the body; closer to the sides.
Superior - ANSWER:Above or closer to the head.
Inferior - ANSWER:Below or closer to the feet.
Proximal - ANSWER:Closer to the point of attachment or to the trunk of the body.
Distal - ANSWER:Farther from the point of attachment or from the trunk of the body.
,Cranial - ANSWER:Pertaining to the skull or head.
Caudal - ANSWER:Pertaining to the tail or the lower part of the body.
Rostral - ANSWER:Toward the front of the head or body.
Superficial - ANSWER:Near the surface of the body.
Deep - ANSWER:Farther from the surface of the body.
Barium Sulfate Suspension - ANSWER:A type of contrast medium used in medical
imaging to enhance the visualization of certain structures or areas within the body.
Iodine - ANSWER:An element used as a contrast medium in medical imaging due to
its high atomic number, making it opaque on X-ray films.
Intravenous Urography - ANSWER:A radiological procedure used to visualize the
urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Static Image Acquisition - ANSWER:Capturing a single, unchanging image in medical
imaging, such as an X-ray.
Dynamic Image Acquisition - ANSWER:Capturing a sequence of images showing
movement or change over time in medical imaging.
Gated Image Acquisition - ANSWER:A type of image acquisition where the imaging is
synced with a physiological process, such as a particular phase of the cardiac cycle.
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) - ANSWER:A nuclear
medicine imaging technique that provides 3D images of the distribution of a
radioactive tracer within the body.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - ANSWER:A functional imaging technique that
uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes
in metabolic processes.
Functional Imaging - ANSWER:A type of medical imaging that is used to visualize
body functions, or metabolic processes, rather than the anatomy.
Synovial Joints - ANSWER:Freely movable joints that contain a cavity filled with
synovial fluid, which lubricates and nourishes the joint.
Solid Joints - ANSWER:Joints that are connected by solid tissue such as cartilage or
fibrous tissue and generally have limited mobility.
Hyaline Cartilage - ANSWER:A type of connective tissue that is both flexible and firm,
providing smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones.
,Joint Capsule - ANSWER:The fibrous tissue envelope that encloses the cavity of a
synovial joint.
Synovial Membrane - ANSWER:The soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous
surfaces within the joint capsule of a synovial joint, secreting synovial fluid.
Fibrous Membrane - ANSWER:A type of connective tissue that consists of bundles of
collagenous white fibers between which are rows of connective tissue cells.
Articular Discs - ANSWER:Fibrocartilaginous structures found between the
articulating surfaces of some synovial joints, providing shock absorption and load
distribution.
Fat Pads - ANSWER:Collections of adipose tissue within a synovial joint, acting as
packing material and helping to protect the joint.
Tendons - ANSWER:Fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, capable
of withstanding tension.
Fibrous Joints - ANSWER:Joints where the articulating bones are joined by dense
fibrous connective tissue and have no joint cavity, generally permitting little or no
movement.
Sutures - ANSWER:A type of fibrous joint found only in the skull, where bones are
joined by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue.
Gomphoses - ANSWER:A type of fibrous joint that binds the teeth to bony sockets in
the maxillary bone and mandible.
Syndesmoses - ANSWER:A type of fibrous joint in which the bones are joined by a
band of fibrous tissue, allowing for more movement than sutures or gomphoses.
Cartilaginous Joints - ANSWER:Joints in which the bones are attached by cartilage,
allowing for more movement than fibrous joints but less than synovial joints.
Synchondroses - ANSWER:A type of cartilaginous joint where the connecting
material is hyaline cartilage.
Symphyses - ANSWER:A type of cartilaginous joint where the bones are connected
by a pad of fibrocartilage.
Extraperitoneal Fascia - ANSWER:A layer of connective tissue that lines the
abdominal and pelvic cavities and surrounds the abdominal viscera.
Endothoracic Fascia - ANSWER:A layer of connective tissue lying between the inner
surface of the thoracic cage and the lung pleura.
, Chylomicrons - ANSWER:Lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides,
phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins and transport dietary lipids from the
intestines to other locations in the body.
Lacteals - ANSWER:Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that absorb
dietary fats.
Lymph - ANSWER:A clear fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system,
composed of a variety of substances including proteins, fats, and certain white blood
cells.
Chyle - ANSWER:A milky bodily fluid that consists of lymph and emulsified fats, or
free fatty acids (FFAs). It is formed in the small intestine during digestion.
Gray Matter - ANSWER:Regions of the nervous system that are made up of neuronal
cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, glial cells, and capillaries.
White Matter - ANSWER:Regions of the nervous system composed mainly of
myelinated axons (nerve fibers), giving it a whitish appearance.
Ventricles (Brain) - ANSWER:Fluid-filled cavities in the brain, containing cerebrospinal
fluid, which provides cushioning for the brain, circulates nutrients, and removes
waste.
Somatic Part - ANSWER:The portion of the nervous system associated with the
voluntary control of body movements and sensory information from the body's
external environment.
Visceral Part - ANSWER:The portion of the nervous system associated with the
involuntary control of internal organs and systems.
Somites - ANSWER:Blocks of mesoderm that are located on either side of the neural
tube in the developing vertebrate embryo. These structures will differentiate into
dermis, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and vertebrae.
Dermatomyotome - ANSWER:A portion of the somite in a developing embryo that
will give rise to both muscle (myotome) and skin (dermatome).
Hypaxial Muscles - ANSWER:Muscles located anterior to the horizontal septum in
vertebrates, including those of the limb, thoracic wall, and the muscles of the
tongue.
Epaxial Muscles - ANSWER:Muscles located posterior to the horizontal septum,
including the extensor muscles of the vertebral column.
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