primary malignant tumor - correct answer.lack of organization of cells
glucocorticoids - correct answer.used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid
tissue (leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - correct answer.for hormone receptor
positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk)
, Heart failure - correct answer.impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart
cannot meet metabolic need of the body.
CHF - correct answer.heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in
pulmonary area
Left Ventricular Dysfunction - correct answer.reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having
issue ejecting blood.
normal ejection fraction - correct answer.55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each
heartbeat)
Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - correct answer.preserved
Diastolic CHF - correct answer.preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling
Systolic CHF - correct answer.reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting
Left sided CHF - correct answer.pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3
murmurs) ** #1 cause of Right sided CHF
BNP - correct answer.gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF
Echocardiogram - correct answer.Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and
function
At Risk for HF - Stage A - correct answer.no structural heart disease or symptoms of
heart failure
Stage A HF co-morbidities - correct answer.htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes,
metabolic syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history
Therapy goals of stage A HF - correct answer.treat htn, encourage smoking cessation,
encourage regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use,
control metabolic syndrome
Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan,
benicar, diovan, etc)
At Risk for HF - Stage B - correct answer.structural heart disease but no symptoms of
heart failure
Stage B HF co-morbidities - correct answer.previous MI, LV remodeling with LV
hypertrophy and low EF, asymptomatic valvular disease
Therapy goals of Stage B HF - correct answer.Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers,
inplantable defibrillators
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