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FCCN Level 2 A Grade Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers
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FCCN Level 2 A Grade Exam Questions & 100% Correct Answers
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FCCN Level 2 A Grade Exam Questions& 100% Correct Answers
FiO2 - ✔✔fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe
RA is 21%, maximum is 100%
lung protection FiO2 goal: maintain SpO2 target with FiO2 <60%
PEEP - ✔✔positive end-expiratory pressure, provides positive pressure to airways during
expiration and helps keep alveoli open
common mechanical ventilator setting in which airway pressure is maintained above
atmospheric pressure
disadvantages: increased thoracic pressure decreases venous return to the heart. high levels can cause
barotrauma, tension pneumo
respiratory rate - ✔✔minimum number of breaths per minute the vent will ensure your pt takes
increase the rate to blow off CO2, decrease rate to retain
tidal volume - ✔✔amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a breath. calculated
based on predicted body weight (height and gender)
6mL/kg is ideal
,minute ventilation - ✔✔tidal volume x respiratory rate
volume inspired during 1 minute
normal is 5-8L/min
pressure support - ✔✔-eases the work of breathing, helps to overcome airway resistance
of breathing through artificial airway
-cannot be used with AC or CMV
-CAN be used with SIMV
-Patient can take breaths between mandatory breaths
-used to wean from ventilator
peak airway pressure - ✔✔highest pressure recorded at the end of inspiration
SIMV - ✔✔synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
mandatory breaths have a set tidal volume, pt initiated breaths have varying tidal volume
initial mode for ventilation or weaning mode
disadvantage: increased work of breathing and can lead to pt/vent asynchrony
AC/CMV - ✔✔Assist control or continuous mandatory ventilation
pt initiated or ventilator control breaths have set tidal volume
disadvantages: hyperventilation which may cause respiratory alkalosis or hyperinflation, less
comfortable for pt
,spontaneous (CPAP) - ✔✔used to strengthen respiratory muscles and evaluate readiness to extubate
ASV - ✔✔Adaptive support ventilation, adjusts ventilation breath by breath depending on pts lung
mechanics. If pt does not initiate breath, vent will deliver pressure control breath. if pt does take a
breath, ASV will give however much pressure support is needed to meet VT
vent alarms - ✔✔Happens when there is too much or too little pressure.
Low pressure=vent came out, apnea, disconnection, cuff leak
High pressure=pt coughs, mucous plug in the resp tract you as the nurse want to suction the pt
Make sure you perform good oral hygiene to prevent VAP
ETT suctioning - ✔✔preoxygenate prior to each pass, use sterile catheter, wear PPE, watch
for hemodynamic changes, assess lung sounds
nursing care of intubated patient - ✔✔-sedation vacation
-oral cares q2h
-GI prophylaxis
-increase HOB
-check placement of tube frequently
-move oral tubes from one side of the mouth to the other
ICU liberation bundle - ✔✔Assess and manage pain - IV opioids
Breathing/awakening trials - determine extubation readiness
Choice of analgesia and sedation - sedate to RASS goal, treat pain prior to administering analgesia
Delirium prevention - CAM screening, reorientation, avoid benzos
, Family engagement - family presence, involvement in making decisions
Goals of care - honor pt wishes
weaning criteria - ✔✔FiO2 50% or less
PEEP 10 or less
LOC acceptable
stable hemodynamics
ABGs WDL
primary pulmonary function review - ✔✔exchange of gases between ambient air and the blood
relatively dry alveoli and adequately perfused capillaries = healthy lungs
overall goal is to exhale CO2 and ensure proper oxygenation
ventilation - ✔✔movement of air in and out of the lungs
oxygenation - ✔✔the process of delivering oxygen to the blood
diffusion - ✔✔movement of gases between air spaces in lungs and bloodstream
how do we know that ventilation and/or oxygenation is less than optimal in our pts? - ✔✔-
respiratory assessment
-pulse oximetry
-ABGs
-imaging
-P/F ratio
perfusion - ✔✔movement of blood in and out of capillary beds
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