What are common problems in implementing PST programs? - Ans 1. Lack of conviction
2. Lack of time
3. Lack of sport knowledge (by consultant)
4. Lack of follow-up (athlete and consultant)
What are the differences between the 3 methods of arousal control? - Ans 1. Deep breathing:
simple breathing out releases tension
2. PMR: contracting and relaxing releases tension
3. Autogenic training: producing sensations in your body releases tension
6 periods of sports psychology - Ans --Early years(1895-1920): characterized by isolated studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place; Coleman
Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of Illinois
--Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development
attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
--Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology became a
valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
--Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice, characterized
by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected by the public
,--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide,
considerable diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
Physical/Psychological Responses to Burnout - Ans - Tension
- State anxiety
- Anger
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Negative self-talk
What is the advantage of the deep breathing technique? - Ans It is easy and effective
- it is also very quick so you can use it during breaks
Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. Advantages/disadvantages of each? - Ans -Common
sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick; limitations= not based on experience
or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate,
innovative; limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
Stress Model of Burnout - Ans - Commitment & Entrapment Theory
- Participate because they "have to" not "want to" because of: social pressures; lack of
attractive alternatives; large investments
What are two assumptions of PMR? - Ans 1. tension and relaxation cannot
occur simultaneously
2. relaxation of muscles contributes to relaxation of the mind
,4 steps of scientific method? - Ans -Develop the problem (what is the purpose;
independent/dependent variables)
-Formulate hypotheses (must be testable)
-Gather data
-Analyze and interpret results
Non-Stressed Model of Burnout - Ans - Identity & Control Model
- Stress is a symptom of burnout NOT the driving force
- Burnout in young athletes is not about individual response to participation but
about fundamental structure of sport
Socialization - Ans - A continuous process whereby individuals learn skills, behaviors, attitudes,
and values that cause or enable them to function in their group or culture
What are the sensations that we focus on in Autogenic training - Ans 1. Heaviness in
extremities*
2. Warmth in extremities*
3. Regulation in HR
4. Regulation in breathing
5. Abdominal warmth
6. Cool forehead
Identify the IV and DV in the following statement: do 8 year old gymnasts learn new vaults
faster if they are exposed to mastery versus coping models? - Ans IV: Mastery vs. coping models
DV: speed of learning
What is biofeedback - Ans It teaches control of physiological and autonomic responses to
arousal (muscle activity, skin temp, brain waves, HR)
, What is a theory? - Ans a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something,
especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
Socialization INTO Sport - Ans - How do individuals become interested and involved in sport or
physical activity?
- Influence of significant others + opportunity structure
- Family, friends, skill, etc.
List some of the common coping strategies of elite athletes. - Ans 1. Thought stopping
2. Narrowing focus
3. Rational thinking and self-talk
4. Positive focus
5. Social Support
6. PST
7. PST
8. Time management
9. Training hard and smart
What is personality? - Ans That pattern of characteristics thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time and situations
Socialization THROUGH Sport - Ans - What do people learn or gain through participation in
sport?
- Learned attributes, values, behaviors, and skills
- Team-work, sportsmanship, leadership, etc.
what are some common on site comping techniques? - Ans 1. smile in response to tension
2. enjoy situation
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