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NPLQ/ Lifeguarding Questions and Answers | Latest Updat

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What are the priorities of casualty management? -:- ABC: Airways, Breathing, Circulation - Life threatening injuries must be treated first and take priority. Order of priority is: - Emergency CPR, Management of choking Life threatening bleeds Unconscious casualty Shock Medical attention ...

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  • September 13, 2024
  • 36
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NPLQ
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2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!




NPLQ/ Lifeguarding Questions and
Answers | Latest Update
What are the priorities of casualty management?

✓ -:- ABC: Airways, Breathing, Circulation

- Life threatening injuries must be treated first and take priority. Order of priority is:

- Emergency CPR,

Management of choking

Life threatening bleeds

Unconscious casualty

Shock

Medical attention




What is the chain of survival?

✓ -:- Early Recognition, Early CPR, Early Defibrillation and Post Resuscitation care




What is asphyxia?

✓ -:- Suffocation. It arises when the body is deprived of oxygen. It is caused by:

Tongue blocking during unconsciousness

Foreign object lodged in throat

Strangulation


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,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!


Mouth and nose covered

Drowning




What is cardiac arrest?

✓ -:- When the heart has stopped pumping blood around the body. The heart may

have stopped altogether or twitching irregularly. It may be caused by lack of oxygen

due to asphyxia such as by drowning. It is also caused by direct damage to the heart

by injury, heart attack, electric shock or a medical condition. Seizures may occur due

to insufficient blood the brain/




What is the sequence of CPR for an adult sudden collapse (dryside)?

✓ -:- 1. Check for reponse: "Are you alright? Can you here me?"

- If they respond put into recovery position / reassess.

2. Tilt head back (Two fingers under chin and hand on forehead).

3. Keep airways open and check for breathing (10s): Look for chest breathing, listen for

breathing, feel breath.

4. Call 999: "I have an unresponsive adult who is not breathing please can you bring me a

defibrilator"

5. Start CPR: 30 compressions - 2 rescue breaths - 30 compressions and continue (30:2).

- Place hands in the middle of the abodmen/ end of sturnum (between nipples 5-6cm)

- Rescue breaths: Tilt head back. Pinch nose and blow into mouth.

6. AED
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,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!


7. If they begin to breathe normally: Put in recovery position




What is the sequence of CPR for an Child/ infant sudden collapse (dryside)?

✓ -:- Same as adult but 5 initial rescue breaths.

Infant = 1 year >

Child = Pre-puberty

1. Assess (DR ABC)

2. Call 999

3. 5: 30: 2 (Rescue breaths: Compressions: Following rescue breaths).

4. AED

For a baby use two fingers to perform compressions in centre of chest (use a hand to keep

head steady). For a child use base of palm in center of chest.




What is the flow chart for CPR?

✓ -:- Unresponsive and not breathing normally -> Call 999 -> If drowning or child

give 5 rescue breaths initially -> 30 compressions -> 2 rescue breaths -> continue

CPR 30:2 -> AED




What underlying conditions can be a cause of drowning?

✓ -:- stroke. Heart Attack. Hyperventilation. Asthma. Seizures. Hypothermia.




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, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!


What is the role of the first lifeguard for a spinal recovery (spinal board)?

✓ -:- - Implement the EAP.

- Apply a Vice grip or headsplint in shallow water

- Check for casualty response: "are you alright?"

- Determine state of casualty and communicate this with other lifeguards.

- Once the second lifeguard has taken the head the first lifeguard should move to the side

and support the shoulders and upper back (palms facing up).

- Once board is secure slide arms out and put their palms up to provide support under the

board.

- Responsible for giving instructions throughout recovery and removal from the water.




What is the role of the second lifeguard for a spinal recovery?

✓ -:- - Comes and takes the head from lifeguard 1. Supporting the head with their

thumbs above the ear and fingers.

- Maintain support of the head and reassure the casualty throughout.

- Once lifeguard four has their hands on the casualty's eyebrow then lifeguard 2 remove

hands onto rescue board.




What is the role of lifeguard 3 in spinal recovery?




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