NUR 438 Peds Exam 2 Hematology Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NUR 438
Institution
NUR 438
How is a red blood cell formed? How does renal disease affect this? -Define microcytic/normochronic anemia: -Define normocytic/normochronic anemia: -Define macrocytic anemia:
How does a newborn's hemoglobin present at birth?
What is the pediatric difference for white blood cells? Renal produces e...
NUR 438 Peds Exam 2 Hematology
Review Questions and Correct Answers
How is a red blood cell formed? How does renal disease affect this?
-Define microcytic/normochronic anemia:
-Define normocytic/normochronic anemia:
-Define macrocytic anemia:
How does a newborn's hemoglobin present at birth?
What is the pediatric difference for white blood cells? ✅Renal produces erythropoietin
to stimulate RBC production within the bone marrow. If the child has a renal disease
there will be a lack of erythropoietin, limiting RBC production and a decrease in oxygen
transportation.
-Iron deficient anemia
-Sickle cell disease
-Vitamin B12 deficiency
Infants are born with hemoglobin F that will begin to make hemoglobin A. Infants will
have a period of physiologic anemia as the transition occurs.
The percentage of different types of WBCs changes over time. Starting off there are
less neutrophils seen in the young child.
What are the two classes in the agranulocyte classification?
What are the four classes in the granulocyte classification?
How are platelets formed? How are they regulated? What is the function? ✅1.
Lymphocytes: which are involved in immunity and can become B or T cells.
2. Monocytes: exit the blood vessels and become macrophages.
1. Neutrophils: involved in acute inflammation, so you should see swelling and infection
2. PMN; Bands: mature level of a neutrophil; immature neutrophils
3. Eosinophils: destruction of parasites and present in allergic reactions.
4. Basophils: become mast cells in the tissue and illicit the histamine response to attract
WBCs
They are formed through megakarocytes in bone marrow and stored in the spleen. They
are regulated by the hormone thrombopoientin. To stop bleeding by forming a plug thru
adhesions as they release serotonin to reduce blood flow to the injured area.
Define iron deficiency anemia:
-What does IDA also enhance?
, What are the signs and symptoms?
How will the lab values present?
CBC:
Iron studies: ✅IDA happens when there is a lack of iron stores leading to the decrease
in production of RBCs and decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
-It enhances the leakage of plasma protein causing a decrease in serum proteins,
albumin, gamma globulin, and transferrin, resulting in increased infection risks.
Pallor, fatigue, tachycardia, impaired cognitive function, under or overweight, infant poor
muscle development.
CBC: a decrease in Hgb, Hct, MCV, and MCH, you will also see microcytic and
hypochromic RBCs.
Iron studies: INCREASE in total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and DECREASE in iron
and ferritin.
Nursing diagnosis: lack of nutrition and knowledge deficit
1. What is the nursing care? (4)
2. What is the nursing management? (3)
What are the 4 quality outcomes?
When does anemia appear for:
-Pre-term
-Full-term ✅1. Encourage a diet rich in iron as it is better tolerated and less
constipating as iron supplements
-Teach med administration with syringe to prevent staining of the mouth
-Administer meds with something acidic and on an empty stomach to promote
absorption
-Expect tarry, green, or black stools
2. Administration of an iron supplement
Monitor the CBC for improvement
Routine screening
1. early recognition of IDA
2. Appropriate quantity of milk, iron-fortified formula, and introduction of solids
3. Adherence to oral iron supplementation
4. Hemoglobin increase within 1 month and anemia resolves within 6 months
-2-3 months
-5-6 months
Both are due to loss of iron stores from birth.
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