Exam (elaborations)
Primary Indoor Cycling Course Exam
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Primary Indoor Cycling Course Exam
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Primary Indoor Cycling Course ExamAbduction - ANSWER-within the anatomical position, movement of a bone laterally
away from the midline of the body
Acclimatization - ANSWER-a physiological adaptation to a new environment (higher
altitude, temperature, or humidity)
*it may take 7 to 12 days to acclimate to different environments.
Acromion - ANSWER-an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the
shoulder
-is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process
it extends laterally over the shoulder joint.
Actin - ANSWER-thin filaments
Active Rest - ANSWER-days that consist of light, fun activities different from one's
normal workout program
Adduction - ANSWER-within the anatomical position, movement of a bone towards the
midline of the body
Adherence - ANSWER-a state of continuing an exercise program as prescribed
Aerobic Activities - ANSWER-sub-maximal intense activities that use large muscle
groups with energy supplied in the presence of oxygen that can be performed for a long
period of time
Agility - ANSWER-ability to start, stop, and move the body quickly in different directions
All or None Law - ANSWER-given a threshold or supra threshold stimuli a muscle fiber
will contract all the way or not at all
Alveoli - ANSWER-tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases
between air and blood
Anaerobic Activities - ANSWER-high intensity activities during which energy demands
exceed the ability to supply oxygen and cannot be performed for a long period of time
Anatomy Definition - ANSWER-the structure of the human body
Antagonist - ANSWER-muscles that cause movement at a joint in a direction opposite
to that of its agonist
,ex. the tricep in a bicep curl
Anterior - ANSWER-in front or in front of the body
Anterior Tilt - ANSWER-an arching of the lower back that causes the pelvis to tilt
towards the front of the body
Approximately how many Skeletal/Striated Muscles do we have in the body? -
ANSWER-400
Atria - ANSWER-upper chambers of the heart
Balance - ANSWER-the ability to maintain a certain posture or to move without falling;
symmetrical
Body Composition - ANSWER-relative percentages of various components of the body,
usually divided into fat mass (%of body fat) and fat free or lean mass (%fat free mass)
-fat mass
-lean mass
Measurement
a. hydrostatic underwater weight
b. skinfold calipers
c. infrared
d. bioelectrical impedance
Body Fat Standards for Active Individuals:
a. Men: 5-15%
b. Women: 15-25%
Bone - ANSWER-the anatomical structure that provides support, movement, and
protection for the body
Break Down the Cardiorespiratory System - ANSWER-1. blood enters the heart through
the left atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava
2. deoxygenated blood of the superior and inferior vena cava enters the heart in the
right atrium and is pumped to the right ventricle
3. the blood travels out of the heart and enters the pulmonary artery which carries the
blood to the lungs to get oxygen
4. the carbon dioxide is diffused into the lungs
5. the oxygenic in the lungs is diffused through the alveoli sacks and then through the
wall of the lungs into the blood stream
6. the blood carries the oxygen to various cells in the body
7. the oxygen travels to get to the cells through the arteries which branch off into smaller
arterioles
, 8. arterioles branch off into the capillaries, the red blood cells travel single file through
the capillaries
9. oxygen diffuses across the capillary wall and travels to nearby cells by entering
through the cell membrane
10. carbon dioxide leave the cell to make room for the oxygen
11. the carbon dioxide enters the bloodstream through the capillaries
12. the capillaries fork into venues which then fork into veins
12. the veins carry the carbon dioxide back to the heart completing the cycle of the
circulatory system
Break Down the Respiratory System - ANSWER-1. oxygen enters through the mouth
and the nose
2. passes through the pharynx and trachea
3. enters the chest cavity as the trachea splits into smaller tubes (bronchi)
4. it goes into the bronchus and is divided into the bronchial tubes
5. it travels through the bronchial tubes directly into the lungs where it is then divided
into smaller tubes connected to the tiny sacs or alveoli
A. alveoli is surrounded by capillaries
6. the inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries
into the arterial blood
7. meanwhile, the the waste-rich blood from the veins re-leases its carbon dioxide into
the alveoli
8. the carbon dioxide leaves the body through the lungs when you exhale
A. the diaphragm helps to pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen
into the lungs
B. the diaphragm is a sheath of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity
Bronchi - ANSWER-The passages that direct air into the lungs
Capillaries - ANSWER-Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place
between the blood and cells of the body
Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) - ANSWER-a measure of the heart's ability to pump
oxygen- rich blood to the working muscles
-Cardio- Heart
-Respiratory- Lungs and Ventilation
-Vascular- Blood Vessels
-Aerobic- Working with Oxygenx
-Anaerobic- Working without Oxygenx
-Measurement of Cardiorespiratory Fitness
a. 3-minute step test
b. 1.5 Mile Walk/Run
Cardiorespiratory Simplified - ANSWER-1. lungs supply oxygen to the blood for
transport around the body
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