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Straighterline BIO 202 A&P2 - exam 11

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Straighterline BIO 202 A&P2 - exam 11

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  • September 13, 2024
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Straighterline BIO 202 A&P2 - exam 11
What are 2 major control systems of the body? - ANSWER: Endocrine and Nervous
Systems

What is the major purpose of the Endocrine system? - ANSWER: Development,
Growth, Reproduction, Homeostasis

Name 3 characteristics of endocrine glands - - ANSWER: Ductless, Travels in blood,
chemical messenger

What does Endo mean? - ANSWER: within (body)

What does Para mean? - ANSWER: Next to

Which cell is signaled with autocrine signalling? - ANSWER: Its self

What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system? - ANSWER: Hormones

Characteristics of Protein Based hormone - ANSWER: Charged, Water soluble,
Hydrophilic, Signalling via G Protein Receptors

Characteristics of Fat (cholesterol steroid) based - ANSWER: Not charged, Insoluble,
hydrophobic, Intracellular, FROM ADRENAL CORTEX, GONADS, AND THYROID
HORMONE

What is cAMP - ANSWER: Cyclic AMP

Is protein based hormones fast or slow? - ANSWER: Fast

Are steroid hormones fast or slow? - ANSWER: slower

How does a steroid hormone work? - ANSWER: 1) steroid hormone binds it's
receptor
2) complex (Hormone+receptor) enters nucleus
3) Binds to DNA
4) Causes either increase or decrease in transcription leading to increase or decrease
in protein synthesis

Where is the Pituitary located? and how does it attach to the hypothalamus? -
ANSWER: Inferior aspect of the brain in Sella Turcica, in sphenoid bone. Attached to
the hypothalamus via the Infundibulum

The Anterior Pituitary is also known as... which is composed of these kind of cells.....
and its purpose is to ...... - ANSWER: Adenohypophysis, Glandular, synthesize and
secrete hormones

, The Posterior Pituitary is also known as... and is composed of these..... and it's job is
to.... - ANSWER: Neurohypophysis, Neurotracts, store hormones only

Steps for posterior Pituitary release - ANSWER: 1) Hypothalamus synthesizes
oxytocin and ADH
2) Transported down hypophyseal tract
3) Stored and released from Post Pituitary

What does Oxytocin do? - ANSWER: Initiates labor and milk ejection

What does ADH do (anti-diuretic hormone) - ANSWER: Makes Kidneys reabsorb
water, signaled by decrease in blood volume or increase in solute concentration

How does alcohol affect ADH - ANSWER: Inhibits ADH. Prevents ADH from binding

How does Anterior Pituitary work? - ANSWER: 1) Hypothalamus releases releasing
hormone
2) Enters Cap bed 1
3) Travels down portal vein (hypophyseal portal)
4) Enters Cap bed 2
5) Binds Target cell
6) Release hormone in to blood that finds target cell

Is Anterior Pituitary Darker or lighter? - ANSWER: Darker

Is Posterior Pituitary Darker or lighter? - ANSWER: Lighter (post is like a lamp post =
light)

Where is the Thyroid Gland Located? - ANSWER: Lateral and anterior to trachea

What is the structure of the thyroid gland? - ANSWER: 2 lateral lobes connected by
an Isthmus

What does the Thyroid gland make? - ANSWER: Thyroid hormone

What is the function of Thyroid Hormone (TH) - ANSWER: Controls Basal Metabolic
Rate (BMR)
Temperature control
Glucose/Fat metabolism
Required for organ health of all organs

What happens if there is too much Thyroid Hormone? - ANSWER: BMR goes up,
Unhealthy weight loss
Temperature goes up
Heart Palpitations
Every organ is "off"
High anxiety

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