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Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics Midterm 522 Rush questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics Midterm 522 Rush questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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Applied Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMidterm 522 Rush
The have a look at of the distribution and determinants of heath-related states or events in
distinctive populations, and the utility of this expertise to the manipulate of health issues -
ANSWhat is Epidemiology
Distribution - ANSRefers to individual, vicinity, and time
Determinants - ANSPhysical, organic, social, cultural,
economic and behavioral elements that influence fitness
Health-Related States or Events - ANSIncludes health,
contamination, disease, damage, impairments, and incapacity
Specified Populations - ANSThe traits of who is
healthy, who is at risk for the disorder, and who acquires the disorder
Control of Health Problems - ANSThe intention of epidemiology is to become aware of elements
associated with the improvement of sickness in addition to factors that save you contamination
Epidemiology makes a speciality of _______________ - ANS*Populations* & *Population
Health*
Not centered on imparting direct care to people
6 Core Epidemiological Functions - ANSSurveillance
Field Investigations
Analytical Studies
Evaluation
*Linkages*
Policy
Epidemiology is a ____________ science - ANSQuantitative
Study - ANSRefers to systematic surveillance, statement, experimentation... Use of a scientific
approach
Two Major Branches of Epidemiology - ANSDescriptive Epidemiology: *distribution, frequency,
and pattern* of health-related states and occasions (the who, where, when/person, area, time)
,Analytic Epidemiology: *determinants* of fitness-related states and activities (the why/causes)
Mission of CDC - ANSProtect the health of the country
Variable - ANSAny feature which could range; the aspect being measured or observed
T/F: An operational definition defines how a variable can be measured, and includes the device
and techniques that are used within the dimension. - ANSTrue
The conceptual definition of a variable:
a. Explains what the variable way.
B. Specifies how a variable have to be measured.
C. Describes the standards for measuring a variable.
D. Specifies the precision of the measurements. - ANSa. Explains what the variable manner
Conceptual Definitions - ANS*Defines the variable*; dictionary definition
Operational Definitions - ANSSpecifies how variable is measured; describes *operations used to
gain size*
The based variable is:
a. The intervention being studied.
B. The final results variable.
C. The variable manipulated by means of the researcher.
D. A characteristic of the individual being studied. - ANSb. The outcome variable
Independent Variable - ANSManipulated in a observe to look if it impacts the final results(s)
being studied
Intervention/remedy
Usually most effective 1
Effects/reasons the outcome of interest
T/F: A take a look at can have multiple dependent (final results) variable. - ANSTrue
Dependent Variable - ANS*Outcome*/response variable(s)
Can be greater than 1
, Caused by way of unbiased variable
T/F: The reliability of a weight dimension received with an electronic scale refers to the accuracy
of the measurement. - ANSFalse
Testing a new piece of gadget to ensure that the gadget constantly provides that identical
dimension whilst the identical variable is measured more than one times is an example of
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Accuracy
d. All of the above - ANSb. Reliability
Reliability - ANSRefers to the *repeatability or reproducibility* of the measurements
Validity - ANSIs about the *accuracy* of information
Addresses whether the measurement virtually measures the variable of hobby
Two varieties of Categorical Data - ANS*Nominal* (named categories) and *Ordinal* (ranked
categories)
Nominal Data - ANSData categorized into classes with names
ex. Race, gender, ethnicity, dating popularity, disease popularity, consent, y/n, blood kind
Ordinal Data - ANSCategories that have an order/rank to them
ex. Grades A,B,C,D,F; ache degree, schooling degree, cancer tiers
A variable turned into recoded as ailment gift, disorder now not gift, or unknown. When
appearing the descriptive facts, which of the subsequent must be used? SELECT ALL THAT
APPLY
a. Epidemiological range
b. Percentages
c. Median
d. Frequencies
e. Mode - ANSb. Percentages
d. Frequencies
T/F: The frequency and relative frequency provided as a percentage ought to be stated when
describing nominal level records. - ANSTrue
Data Analysis for Categorical Data - ANSDescription of Categorical Data (nominal/ordinal):
Frequencies (counts) (n or f)
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