BIO 438 - Exam 1 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 438
Institution
BIO 438
Select the statements below that correctly apply to characteristics of bacterial cell permeability. - has presence of aquaporins - is a barrier to passive diffusion of large compounds - is a barrier to water - can take up insoluble molecules - has presence of aquaporins - is a barrier to passive di...
BIO 438 - Exam 1 Study Questions and
Correct Answers
Select the statements below that correctly apply to characteristics of bacterial cell
permeability.
- has presence of aquaporins
- is a barrier to passive diffusion of large compounds
- is a barrier to water
- can take up insoluble molecules ✅- has presence of aquaporins
- is a barrier to passive diffusion of large compounds
Put the following steps in order to review the bacterial method of iron uptake for the cell.
- iron scarce in environment
- iron-siderophore complex binds cell surface protein
- iron-siderophore complex enters cell via ABC transporter
- bacteria secretes siderophore ✅- iron scarce in environment
- bacteria secretes siderophore
- iron-siderophore complex binds cell surface protein
- iron-siderophore complex enters cell via ABC transporter
Determine characteristics between peripheral proteins vs integral proteins:
- insoluble in aqueous solutions
- 70% of membrane proteins
- soluble in aqueous solution
- not easily extracted
- 30% of membrane proteins
- loosely connected to cell membrane
- easily extracted
- embedded in cell membrane ✅Peripheral:
- 30%
- easily extracted
- soluble in aqueous solution
- loosely connected
Integral:
- 70%
- not easily extracted
- insoluble in aqueous solution
- embedded
The movement of dissolved solutes from a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration is called __________. ✅diffusion
Nutrient uptake and diffusion of molecules into the bacterial cell become more efficient
as the surface area-to-volume ratio _________. ✅increases
, Some molecules needed for survival cannot be synthesized by the cell but instead must
be obtained from the environment. These types of molecules include vitamins and
amino acids and are collectively called ______ ______. ✅growth factors
Determine characteristics between capsule vs slime layer:
- helps resist phagocytosis
- facilitates motility
- diffuse (unorganized)
- not easily removed
- well organized
- easily removed ✅Capsule:
- well organized
- not easily removed
- helps resist phagocytosis
Slime Layer:
- easily removed
- diffuse (unorganized)
- facilitates motility
Which of the following is a component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria
that results in septic shock upon entering the bloodstream? ✅lipopolysaccharide
Review the structure of peptidoglycan by selecting the correct characteristics listed
below.
- peptidoglycan is a strong and rigid structure
- contains a tetrapeptide that extends from NAG
- polymer of alternating NAG and NAM
- contains D-amino acids not found in proteins
- all bacteria use a peptide interbridge to connect the sugar strands ✅- polymer of
alternating NAG and NAM
- contains D-amino acids not found in proteins
What does passive vs carrier-facilitated diffusion look like on a graph? ✅facilitated:
substances can typically only go in one direction
Passive: substances can enter or leave the cell
When analyzing the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which part of
lipopolysaccharide induces an antibody response? ✅O antigen
The cell wall of Gram-negative bacterial cells is external to the _____________
✅plasma membrane
Gram-negative bacteria contains only a thin layer of ___________________
✅peptidoglycan
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