PSYCH 438 Exam 1 Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
PSYCH 438
Institution
PSYCH 438
One of the limitations of meta-analysis is that... A. It only involves previously collected data, not new data based on new participants
Which of these is an example of sharing confidential information with the client's consent? A. Providing a diagnosis to an insurance company
What is the role of...
PSYCH 438 Exam 1 Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
One of the limitations of meta-analysis is that... ✅A. It only involves previously
collected data, not new data based on new participants
Which of these is an example of sharing confidential information with the client's
consent? ✅A. Providing a diagnosis to an insurance company
What is the role of advice in therapy? Explain. ✅herapists are not all-knowing people,
and honestly most problems don't have a "right answer" -they have an answer that is
best for that particular person. What's more important, though, is that giving clients
advice, even if it's great, doesn't help them in the long run. Therapists want to help their
clients develop the confidence and skills to come up with their own answers. Otherwise,
they will always look to the therapist or others to deal with challenges/problems.
What is the role of medication in treating mental illness, and are therapists typically
negative about it? ✅Both medication and therapy can be effective treatment for mental
illnesses. In the case of depression, for example, medication is not considered more
effective, and therapy outcomes are often better at longer-term follow-ups, perhaps
because it helped deal with underlying problems and/or assisted with clients developing
skills to deal with their concerns. Therapists in general are not "anti-medication,"
though. In fact, I strongly support medication use when appropriate and have worked
with clients who would not have been able to benefit from therapy unless they were also
no medication.
What is the role of research in therapy? ✅The stakes for therapists understanding
research and statistics are probably even higher than they are for other psychologists.
Therapists may have to formally evaluate their effectiveness with clients (e.g., to provide
data to insurance companies). Even if they never have to conduct research, they must
be able to critically evaluate it. They have to understand research methods and
statistics well enough to be able to read journal articles about new psychological tests
and new treatments and evaluate whether the research is of high enough quality to
justify using the approach with a client.
What is an iatrogenic treatment? Give an example. ✅There are also therapy
approaches (e.g., rebirthing therapy, scared-straight/boot camp interventions) that have
been found to be harmful. Treatments that cause harm are called "Iatrogenic
treatments."
, Can therapy have "side effects"? Give an example. ✅As one example, seeing a
counselor and talking about painful issues/events can temporarily causes distress to
increase before it decreases.
Can therapy affect the brain? Explain... ✅Karlsson reading
What are some ways a therapy relationship is different from talking with a friend or
family member? ✅Counselors have a professional relationship with clients, and it is
one-sided (e.g., it's not like the therapist talks about themselves or their concerns in
sessions). It is important to keep that relationship professional, so there is a formal
"end" to therapy. Although it is certainly fine for a client to reach out and update a
therapist on occasion about how they are doing, therapists keep that professional
relationship intact. Clients can then also come back to the counselor for future services
if they need them.
What are some pros/cons of therapists working with clients who have issues that the
therapists themselves have dealt with? ✅In fact, therapists may be LESS effective
when working with clients who have problems they have also had. They can sometimes
be less objective, and they may tend to assume that what "worked for them" will also
work for the client. They may also find themselves less focused on the client during
sessions and thinking more about their own past concerns. Counseling is not a two-way
relationship. All conversation is focused on the client and their welfare. Although it is
true that therapists may develop empathy more easily with clients who are dealing with
issues they have also experienced, counselors have to be able to develop empathy in
other ways. No therapist has experienced (or could experience!!) all of the concerns
they will see from their clients in their career, but they will need to develop a strong
working relationship and empathy with all clients. It can't be based on shared
experiences.
How many different approaches to therapy are there? ✅There are over 300
approaches to therapy, although there are certainly far fewer dominant/widely used
approaches.
What are 2-3 historical differences between counseling and psychotherapy? ✅1.
"Psychotherapy" is often used when talking about longer-termtreatment that is more
intense and for more "serious" problems (e.g., first dealing with years of childhood
abuse). "Counseling" often refers to short-term(6 mos. or less)approaches for "less
severe" issues (e.g., dealing with a divorce; having moderate distress related to an
anxiety disorder) or academic/career issues (e.g., We don't get for "career
psychotherapy"!)
2. Psychotherapy referred to treatment that focused more on the past(e.g., childhood
events influencing current problems) and on clients developing insight, which means
understanding the underlying causeof their current problems (e.g., "My depression
developed because I still feel like a disappointment to my parents."). Counseling
focused more on the present(e.g., What can we do about your problems today?) and on
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