BIO 201 Final Exam UNCW Questions and Complete Solutions
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Course
BIO 201
Institution
BIO 201
Explain how science is a process of inquiry inquiry means questions, and these questions are based on the natural world
List the characteristics common to all living things -maintain organized structure -metabolize -grow, reproduce, and die -respond to environment
Order the organizational units o...
BIO 201 Final Exam UNCW Questions
and Complete Solutions
Explain how science is a process of inquiry ✅inquiry means questions, and these
questions are based on the natural world
List the characteristics common to all living things ✅-maintain organized structure
-metabolize
-grow, reproduce, and die
-respond to environment
Order the organizational units of life from smallest to largest ✅atoms-
>molecules/macromolecules->cells->tissues->organs->organism->population-
>community->ecosystem->biosphere
Recognize the 3 domains of life ✅prokaryotes, eukaryotes, archaea
Explain how the theory of evolution unifies all life on earth ✅provides biological unity
(similarity) and diversity (differences)
Distinguish atomic number, atomic mass, and valence ✅-atomic number= number of
protons
-atomic mass= sum of protons and neutrons
-valence= outermost shell of electrons
Classify chemical bonds as either covalent, ionic, or hydrogen and rank their relative
strength ✅-covalent: strongest bond, occurs when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of
valence electrons (ex: h2o)
-ionic: 2nd strongest, occurs when attraction is between oppositely charged ions (ex:
nacl)
-hydrogen: weakest, occurs when hydrogen atom is covalently bound to an e-neg atom
Distinguish polar from nonpolar covalent bonds ✅-polar: unequal sharing of electrons,
0.4-2.0
-non-polar: equal sharing, <0.4
Explain the relationship between the polar nature of water and its ability to form
hydrogen bonds ✅water readily dissolves polar molecules, displays cohesion
(attraction between water molecules by hydrogen bonding) and adhesion (attraction of
different molecules by hydrogen bonding)
, Describe buffers and explain their importance to living organisms ✅buffers act as
minimizers of changes in ph in a solution
Summarize why carbon forms diverse organic molecules ✅carbon is the building block
of organic molecules
Describe the 4 classes of biological macromolecules ✅-carbohydrates
-proteins
-fats
-nucleic acids
Recognize common carbohydrate monomers and polymers ✅monomers:
-monosaccharides (6 carbon sugars)
1. Glucose: primary source of energy
2. Fructose: simple sugar found in plants
3. Galactose: simple sugar found in dairy products
-disaccharides (2 monosaccharides joined covalently)
1. Lactose "milk sugar": galactose and glucose
2. Maltose "malt sugar": 2 glucoses
3. Sucrose "table sugar": fructose and glucose
-polysaccharides (hundreds-thousands of monosaccharides)
1. Starch: moderately branched
2. Glycogen: highly branched
3. Cellulose: unbranched
Compare and contrast the structure and function of triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and
steroids ✅-triacylglycerol: fats, can be saturated or unsaturated
-phospholipids: composed of 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate group with a
polar group; contain polar "heads" and nonpolar "tails"; spontaneously organize in
aqueous solutions
-steroids: lipids characterized by carbon skeleton containing 4 fused rings; vary by
functional groups added to rings; include cholesterol and sex hormones
Describe the components of a nucleotide ✅-pentose sugar
-nitrogenous base
-phosphate group
Compare and contrast dna and rna's chemical composition ✅-dna: c3h10o4
-rna: c5h10o5
-both: made up of nucleotides, where dna has t, a, g, and c, and rna has u, a, g, and c
Describe the general structure of an amino acid and the importance of the side chain
chemistry ✅amino acids have a central carbon, which is connected to an amino group
(nh2), and carboxyl group (cooh), a hydrogen, and an r group that determines the
chemical of the amino acid
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