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NR565 Pharmacology Final Questions And Answers 100% Verified.
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NR565 Pharmacology
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NR565 Pharmacology Final Questions And Answers 100% Verified.
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nr565 pharmacology final questions and answers 100
signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism face is pale
signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism heart rate i
hypothyroid treatment levothyroxine is the drug
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NR565 Pharmacology
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NR565 Pharmacology
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NR565 Pharmacology Final Questions And
Answers 100% Verified.
Signsgandgsymptomsgofghypothyroidismg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggFacegisgpale,gpuffy,gandgexpressionless.
Skingisgcoldgandgdry.g
hairgisgbrittle,gandghairglossgoccurs.g
Heartgrategandgtemperaturegareglowered.gThegpatientglethargy,gfatigue,gandgintolerancegt
ogcold.g
Mentationgmaygbegimpaired.
Signsgandgsymptomsgofghyperthyroidismg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggHeartgRategisgRapid;gPossiblegarrhythmia/angina
Nervousness,ginsomnia,grapidgthoughtgflow,gandgrapidgspeech
Skeletalgmusclesgmaygweakengandgatrophy
Metabolicgrategisgraised,gresultinggingincreasedgheatgproduction,gincreasedgbodygtempera
ture,gintolerancegtogheat,gandgskingthatgisgwarmgandgmoist
Weightglossgoccursgifgcaloricgintakegfailsgtogmatchgthegincreasegingmetabolicgrate
Severeghypothyroidismg-gcorrectganswer.ggggMyxedema
HypothyroidgTreatmentg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggLevothyroxinegisgthegdruggofgchoicegforgmostgpatientsgwhogrequiregthyr
oidghormonegreplacement.
Levothyroxineg(Synthroid)gTherapeuticgGoalg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggResolutiongofgsignsgandgsymptomsgofghypothyroidismgandgrestorationg
ofgnormalglaboratorygvaluesgforgserumgthyroid-
stimulatingghormoneg(TSH)gandgfreegthyroxineg(T4).
Majorgformsgofghyperthyroidismg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggGravesgdiseasegandgtoxicgnodularggoiterg(alsogknowngasgPlummergdis
ease).
GravesgDiseaseg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggMostgcommongcausegofgexcessivegthyroidghormonegsecretion
,Whatgadjunctivegtherapygisggoodgtogprescribegtogcontrolgsymptomsgofghyperthyroidismgot
hergthangthyroidgspecificgmedications?g-gcorrectganswer.ggggβ-
Blockersgandgnonradioactivegiodinegmaygbegusedgasgadjunctivegtherapy.g
β-Blockersgsuppressgtachycardiagbygblockinggβ-receptorsgongthegheart.g
Nonradioactivegiodineginhibitsgsynthesisgandgreleasegofgthyroidghormones.
MonitoringgneedsgandgintervalsgforgLevothyroxineg-gcorrectganswer.ggggCheckgTSHg6-
8gweeksgafterginitiatinggtherapygandgafterganygdosagegchange.g
CheckgTSHgatgleastgoncegagyeargaftergserumgTSHgisgstabilized.
HyperthyroidgTreatmentg-gcorrectganswer.ggggthionamidegdrugs—
methimazolegandgpropylthiouracilg(PTU)—suppressgsynthesisgofgthyroidghormones.
MethimazolegTherapeuticgGoalg-
gcorrectganswer.gggg(1)greductiongofgthyroidghormonegproductiongingGraves'gdisease,g(2)gco
ntrolgofghyperthyroidismguntilgthegeffectsgofgradiationgongthegthyroidgbecomegmanifest,g(3)g
suppressiongofgthyroidghormonegproductiongbeforegsubtotalgthyroidectomy,g(4)gtreatmentg
ofgthyrotoxicgcrisis.
MonitoringgneedsgandgintervalsgforgMethimazoleg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggCheckgCBCgwithgdifferentialgifgsignsgorgsymptomsgofginfection.gCheckg
LFTsgifgsignsgorgsymptomsgofglivergdysfunction.
HighgRiskgPatientsgforgMethimazoleg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggShouldgbegavoidedgingthegfirstgtrimestergofgpregnancy.
MethimazolegToxicityg-gcorrectganswer.ggggAgranulocytosisgisgthegmostgdangerousgtoxicity.
PTUgHighgRiskgWarningg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggCarriesgagriskgforglivergtoxicity.gAlthoughgrare,gthegFDAgrecommendsga
gainstgusinggasgagfirst-linegtreatmentgduegtogpotentialgforghepaticgtoxicity.
Effectsgofgmaternalghypothyroidismgongoffspringgandgappropriategpatientgteachinggrelated
gtogneedgforgtreatment.g-
gcorrectganswer.ggggCangcausegdelaygingmentalgdevelopmentgandgderangementgofggrowth.
gIngthegabsencegofgthyroidghormones,gthegchildgdevelopsgaglargegandgprotrudinggtongue,g
potbelly,gandgdwarfishgstature.gDevelopmentgofgthegnervousgsystem,gbones,gteeth,gandgm
usclesgisgimpaired.
CongenitalgHypothyroidismgTreatmentg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggrequiresgreplacementgtherapygwithgthyroidghormones.gIfgtreatmentgisgin
itiatedgwithingagfewgdaysgofgbirth,gphysicalgandgmentalgdevelopmentgwillgbegnormal.
replacementgtherapygshouldgcontinuegforg3gyears,gaftergwhichgitgshouldgbegstoppedgforg4g
weeksgtogdeterminegwhethergthyroidgdeficiencygisgpermanentgorgtransient.
, PatientgTeachinggforgMethimazoleg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggTellgyourghealthcaregprovidersgthatgyougaregtakinggthisgdrug.g
Checkgbloodgworkgasgdirected.
Takinggthisgdruggmaygcausegharmgtogthegunborngbabygifgyougaregpregnant,gespeciallygingt
hegfirstgtrimester.
Ifgyougaregpregnantgorgbecomegpregnantgwhilegtakinggthisgdrug,gcallgyourghealthcaregprovi
dergrightgaway.
Tellgyourghealthcaregprovidergifgyougaregbreast-feedinggtogdiscussgrisksgtogthegbaby.
Havegyourgbaby'sgthyroidgcheckedgifgyougaregusinggthisgdruggandgbreast-feeding.
Agranulocytosisgisgthegmostgdangerousgtoxicitygriskgforgthisgmedicationgbutgisgverygrare.gS
oregthroatgandgfevergshouldgbegreportedgimmediately.g
PatientgTeachinggforgLevothyroxineg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggworksgbestgifgyougtakegitgongangemptygstomach,g30gtog60gminutesgbefor
egbreakfast.
takegthegmedicinegatgthegsamegtimegeachgday.
IdealgHbA1Cggoalgforgdiabetic,gnon-pregnantgadultsg-gcorrectganswer.gggglessgthang7%.
HbA1Cg8%g-
gcorrectganswer.gggghistorygofgsevereghypoglycemia,glimitedglifegexpectancy,gorgadvancedg
microvasculargorgmacrovasculargcomplications
HBA1CgValuegconsideredgdiagnosticgofgdiabetes.g-
gcorrectganswer.ggggagvaluegofg6.5%gorggreater
HbA1CgMeasuringgIntervalg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggeveryg3gmonthsguntilgvaluegisg<7%;geveryg6gmonthsgthereafter
HbA1CgGoalgforgOldergAdultsg-
gcorrectganswer.gggg<7.5%g[58gmmol/mol]),gwhilegthosegwithgmultiplegcoexistinggchronicgill
nesses,gcognitivegimpairment,gorgfunctionalgdependencegshouldghaveglessgstringentgglyc
emicggoalsg(suchgasgA1Cg<8.0-8.5%g[64-69gmmol/mol]).
CriteriagforgthegDiagnosisgofgDiabetesgMellitusg-gcorrectganswer.gggg-
Fastinggplasmagglucoseg≥126gmg/dL
-Randomgplasmagglucoseg≥g200gmg/dLgplusgsymptomsgofgdiabetes
-Oralgglucosegtolerancegtestg(OGTT):g2-hgplasmagglucoseg≥200gmg/dLcor
-HemoglobingA1cg6.5%gorghigher
T1DMgEtiologygandgMOAg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggAutoimmunegprocess;gLossgofgpancreaticgβgcells;
T2DMgEtiologygandgMOAg-gcorrectganswer.ggggUnknown—
butgtheregisgagstronggfamilialgassociation,gsuggestinggthatghereditygisgagriskgfactor;gInsuling
resistancegandginappropriateginsulingsecretion