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COMMERCIAL PILOT ASEL (C172): ORAL EXAM
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COMMERCIAL PILOT ASEL (C172): ORAL EXAM
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COMMERCIAL PILOT ASEL (C172): ORAL EXAMCommercial pilot eligibility requirements - Answers -• 18 years old
• Read, speak, write, and understand English
• At least private pilot certificate
• At least a third class medical certificate
• Received the required ground & flight training endorsements
• Pass the required knowledge & practical tests
• Meet the aeronautical experience requirements
Commercial pilot privileges - Answers -May act as PIC of an aircraft:
• Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire
• For compensation or hire
What is a commercial operator? - Answers -A person who, for compensation or hire,
engages in the carriage by aircraft in air commerce of persons or property, other than as
an air carrier or foreign air carrier.
What is common carriage? - Answers -It refers to the carriage of passengers or cargo
as a result of advertising the availability of the carriage to the public. There are four
elements in defining a "common carrier":
• a holding out or a willingness to
• transport persons or property
• from place to place
• for compensation
Define holding out - Answers -Implies offering to the public the carriage of persons and
property for hire either intrastate or interstate
When can you begin logging "night" flight time? - Answers -"Night" is defined as the time
between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as
published in the Air Almanac and converted to local time.
What are the requirements to remain current as a commercial pilot? - Answers -• Flight
review in the preceding 24 months
• To carry passengers: 3 takeoffs/landings within the preceding 90 days (full-stop if
tailwheel)
• These takeoff/landings have to be full-stop if carrying passengers 1 hour after sunset
and ending 1 hour before sunrise
Is a commercial pilot required to log all flight time? - Answers -Only the training and
aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating , or flight
,review. This also applies for the aeronautical experience required for meeting the recent
flight experience requirements.
When does a first class medical expire? - Answers -Under age 40
• ATP PIC: 12 months
• Private/CFI/etc: 60 months
Age 40+
• ATP PIC: 6 months
• Private/CFI/etc: 24 months
Any age
• Commercial pilot certificate: 12 months
Required documents on board an aircraft - Answers -ARROW
A - Airworthiness certificate
R - Registration certificate (36 months)
R - FCC radio station license
O - Operating limitations
W - Weight and balance
Compass deviation card
External data plate/serial number
IFR-approved GPS
• Airplane Flight Manual Supplement (AFMS)
• Cockpit Reference Guide or Quick Reference Guide
Maximum safe load factor for each category - Answers -• Normal: +3.8 to -1.52
• Utility: +4.4 to -1.76
• Aerobatic: +6.0 to -3.00
For an aircraft to be considered airworthy, what two conditions must be met? - Answers
-• The aircraft must conform to its type design (type certificate).
• The aircraft must be in a condition for safe operation, referring to the condition of the
aircraft with relation to wear and deterioration.
Required tests and inspections - Answers -AAV1ATE
A - Annual inspection
A - Airworthiness directives
V - VOR (30 days for IFR)
1 - 100-hour inspection (for hire)
A - Altimeter/pitot-static system (24 months)
,T - Transponder (24 months)
E - ELT (12 months)
Define private carriage - Answers -Carriage for hire that does not involve holding out is
private carriage. It is carriage for one or several selected customers, generally on a
long-term basis. The number of contracts must not be too great, otherwise it implies a
willingness to make a contract with anybody.
What limitation is imposed if a commercial pilot does not hold an instrument rating? -
Answers -The following is prohibited:
• The carriage of passengers for hire in airplanes on cross-country flights in excess of
50 NM
• The carriage of passengers for hire in airplanes at night
To act as PIC of a high-performance aircraft, what flight experience requirements must
be met? - Answers -It's an airplane with more than 200 horsepower.
• Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a high-
performance airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device
• Been found proficient in the operation and systems of that airplane
• Received a one-time endorsement
What is a complex airplane? What are the requirements to act as PIC? - Answers -•
retractable landing gear
• retractable flaps
• controllable pitch propeller
• Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a
complex airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device
• Been found proficient in the operation and systems of that airplane
• Received a one-time endorsement
What are the requirements to act as PIC of a pressurized aircraft? - Answers -A
pressurized aircraft is one that has a service ceiling or max operating altitude,
whichever is lower, above 25,000' MSL.
• Satisfactorily accomplished ground training, which includes high-altitude
aerodynamics, meteorology, respiration, hypoxia, etc
, • Received and logged training from an authorized instructor in a pressurized aircraft, or
in a flight simulator or flight training device
• Been found proficient in the operation of pressurized aircraft (must include normal
cruise flight above 25,000' MSL, emergency procedures for rapid decompression, and
emergency descent procedures)
• Received a one-time endorsement
To act as PIC of a tailwheel airplane, what flight experience requirements must be met?
- Answers -• Received and logged flight training from an authorized instructor in a
tailwheel airplane
• Received an endorsement in the person's logbook from an authorized instructor
• Found proficient in the operation of a tailwheel airplane
• The flight training must include at least the following maneuvers and procedures:
normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings, wheel landings and go-around procedures
When would a commercial pilot be required to hold a type rating? - Answers -14 CFR
61.31(a)
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/61.31
As PIC of:
• Large aircraft (gross weight >12,500 lbs, except lighter-than-air)
• Turbojet-powered airplanes
• Other aircraft specified by the Administrator through aircraft type certificate procedures
With respect to certification, privileges, and limitations of airmen, define the terms
"Category", "Class", and "Type" - Answers -• Category: a broad classification of aircraft
(ex: airplane, rotorcraft, glider, etc)
• Class: a classification of aircraft within a category having a similar operating
characteristics (ex: SEL, MEL, etc)
• Type: a specific make and basic model of aircraft including modifications that do not
change its handling or flight characteristics (ex: DC-9, B737, etc)
When may a commercial pilot log flight time as SIC? - Answers -Only for that flight time
during which that person:
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