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NR601 Midterm Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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NR601 Midterm Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions What are the 3 primary physiological changes of aging? - Answer️️ -1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems, esp. cardiac, resp, renal. 2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust regulatory systems (i.e. temp co...

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  • September 12, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©SOPHIABENNETT
EXAM_SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED SUCCESS 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR




©SOPHIABENNETT 9/3/24 2024/2025

, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM



NR601 Midterm Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions


What are the 3 primary physiological changes of aging? - Answer✔️✔️-1. Reduced

physiological reserve of most body systems, esp. cardiac, resp, renal.




2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust regulatory systems (i.e. temp

control, fluid/lyte balance, etc.).



3. Impaired immunological function (infection risk is greater, autoimmune dz's more

prevalent)

What is the preferred amount of exercise for elderly? - Answer✔️✔️-30min/day 5 days/wk

of moderate exercise.



If trying to lose wt: 60min/day.

What are PFTs? - Answer✔️✔️-Group of tests that provide quantifiable measurement of

lung function, used to dx resp abnormalities or assess progression/resolution of lung dz.

What is FEV1? - Answer✔️✔️-Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)

What is FVC? - Answer✔️✔️-Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)

What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? - Answer✔️✔️-<0.7 (70%)

What is GOLD 1 criteria? - Answer✔️✔️-Mild

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, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM


FEV1 >/= 80% predicted

What is GOLD 2 criteria? - Answer✔️✔️-Moderate

FEV1 50-79% predicted

What is GOLD 3 criteria? - Answer✔️✔️-Severe

FEV1 30-49% predicted

What is GOLD 4 criteria? - Answer✔️✔️-Very severe

FEV1 <30% predicted

What are the signal symptoms of COPD? - Answer✔️✔️-Dyspnea

Chronic cough w/sputum

Decreased activity tolerance

Wheezing

What are characteristics of COPD? - Answer✔️✔️-Common, preventable, treatable.



Characterized by persistent airflow limitation.



Usually progressive, associated with enhanced chronic inflammatory response in

airways and lungs to noxious particles/gases



Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased airway resistance, small

airway dz.



Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.



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, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM


What are risk factors for COPD? - Answer✔️✔️-Smoking (increasing w/number of pack

years)

Second hand smoke

Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)

What is seen on phys exam in COPD? - Answer✔️✔️-May be normal in early states



As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased breath sounds, wheezes at

bases, distant heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in distance),

accessory muscle use, pursed lip breathing, increased expiratory phase, neck vein

distention.

How is COPD diagnosed? - Answer✔️✔️-Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post

bronchodilator).

Irreversible airflow limitation is hallmark.

How is COPD treated? - Answer✔️✔️-Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short),

anticholinergics (long/short), or combo.

What is the MOA of beta agonists? - Answer✔️✔️-Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic

receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing airways.

What is the MOA of anticholinergics? - Answer✔️✔️-Block the effect of acetylcholine on

muscarinic type 3 receptors, resulting in bronchodilation.

Why are long-acting beta agonists prescribed for COPD? - Answer✔️✔️-They are for

moderate airflow limitation.




Page | 3

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