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GCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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GCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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GCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERMCell stressors
tissue ischemia, hot temperature exposures, radiation exposure, physical tissue damage,
chemical pollutants, microorganisms, extraordinary accumulation of metabolites in cells, dietary
deficits
outcomes of hypoxic cell harm
1. ATP depletion: anaerobic metabolism - until glycogen shops are depleted, Na/K ATPase & Ca
ATPase are affected, multiplied intracellular Na & Ca, H2O follows Na - Cell swelling, RER
swelling - ribosomes detach - lower in protein synthesis
2. Increased Intracellular Calcium: Ca turns on intracellular catabolic enzymes, lower in ATP,
membrane harm, DNA damage, Increase in mitochondrial permeability - boom in ROS
three. Oxygen-derived loose radicals = ROS: destruction of mobile membrane & nucleus
4. Defects in Membrane Permeability: Leakage of intracellular enzymes, can be detected in the
blood
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mobile adaption
allows the burdened tissue to live to tell the tale or preserve characteristic
along with:
atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia
,Hypertrophy
growth in cell size
Hyperplasia
increase in wide variety of cells
the growth of an organ or tissue due to an abnormal growth inside the range of cells in the
tissues
Metaplasia
Mature cell type is changed by using a exclusive mature mobile type
Dysplasia
peculiar development or boom of cells, tissues, or organs
Necrosis
tissue death
Types of Necrosis
coagulation, liquefaction, caseous
Coagulative necrosis
Cell proteins are altered or denatured - coagulation
Liquifactive necrosis
necrotic tissue has dissolved and is long gone
a the of necrosis with liquefaction of neurons and glial cells inside the mind as a result of
ischemic injury or bacterial contamination
Caseous necrosis
degeneration and demise of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
, Fat necrosis
Fatty tissue is damaged down into fatty acids
Gangrenous necrosis
dying of tissue from extreme hypoxic injury
dying of tissue from hypoxia, usually from arteiosclerosis and affecting lower leg; may be be
categorised as dry, wherein the pores and skin appears brown and wrinkled, or wet, wherein the
skin seems cold, swollen and black because of liquefactive necrosis going on on the site
Dry necrosis
a form of coagulative necrosis that develops in ischemic tissue, in which the blood deliver is
insufficient to hold tissue viable
Wet Necrosis
liquefactive necrosis (superimposed contamination)
Gas necrosis
refers back to the special type of gangrene because of Clostridium
formation of air bubbles inside the tissue
Cystic fibrosis
A genetic disease that is gift at delivery and influences both the respiratory and digestive
systems.
How is cystic fibrosis inherited?
Autosomal recessive trait that means each mother and father carry a recessive trait for the
ailment
The allele is recessive. If both dad and mom are carriers there is a 25% danger that the
offspring can have CF.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
a circumstance with symmetrical weak point and losing of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb
muscle groups
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